《关于颜色的思维导图英语》

Central Idea: Colors

I. Primary Colors (原色)

• A. Definition: Colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors. (不能通过混合其他颜色产生的颜色)
• B. Examples:
  • 1. Red (红色)
       • a. Associations: Passion, energy, love, danger, excitement, warmth. (联想：激情、能量、爱、危险、兴奋、温暖)
       • b. Usage in idioms: "See red" (生气), "Red carpet treatment" (高规格待遇)
       • c. Cultural significance: Good luck in Chinese culture (中国文化中的好运)
  • 2. Yellow (黄色)
       • a. Associations: Happiness, optimism, sunshine, cowardice, caution. (联想：幸福、乐观、阳光、懦弱、小心)
       • b. Usage in idioms: "Yellow-bellied" (胆小鬼), "Golden opportunity" (黄金机会)
       • c. Symbolism in art: Divinity, enlightenment (艺术中的象征：神性、启迪)
  • 3. Blue (蓝色)
       • a. Associations: Calmness, peace, trust, sadness, depression, loyalty. (联想：冷静、和平、信任、悲伤、抑郁、忠诚)
       • b. Usage in idioms: "Feeling blue" (感到忧郁), "Out of the blue" (突如其来)
       • c. Use in branding: Often used by tech companies to convey reliability (品牌中的运用：科技公司常用，表示可靠性)

II. Secondary Colors (次生色)

• A. Definition: Colors created by mixing two primary colors. (通过混合两种原色产生的颜色)
• B. Examples:
  • 1. Green (绿色)
       • a. Created by: Mixing blue and yellow (蓝色和黄色混合)
       • b. Associations: Nature, growth, health, envy, money. (联想：自然、生长、健康、嫉妒、金钱)
       • c. Environmental significance: Symbolizes environmental awareness and sustainability (环境意义：象征环保意识和可持续性)
  • 2. Orange (橙色)
       • a. Created by: Mixing red and yellow (红色和黄色混合)
       • b. Associations: Energy, enthusiasm, creativity, warmth, autumn. (联想：能量、热情、创造力、温暖、秋天)
       • c. Use in marketing: Often used to stimulate appetite (营销中的运用：常用于刺激食欲)
  • 3. Purple (紫色)
       • a. Created by: Mixing red and blue (红色和蓝色混合)
       • b. Associations: Royalty, luxury, spirituality, mystery, creativity. (联想：皇室、奢华、灵性、神秘、创造力)
       • c. Historical significance: Historically associated with royalty due to the rarity and cost of purple dyes. (历史意义：由于紫色染料的稀有性和成本，历史上与皇室相关)

III. Tertiary Colors (三次色)

• A. Definition: Colors created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color. (通过混合一种原色和相邻的次生色产生的颜色)
• B. Examples:
  • 1. Red-Violet (红紫色)
  • 2. Red-Orange (红橙色)
  • 3. Yellow-Orange (黄橙色)
  • 4. Yellow-Green (黄绿色)
  • 5. Blue-Green (蓝绿色)
  • 6. Blue-Violet (蓝紫色)

IV. Color Properties (颜色属性)

• A. Hue (色相): The pure color (e.g., red, blue, green). (纯色，例如：红色、蓝色、绿色)
• B. Saturation (饱和度): The intensity or purity of a color. (颜色的强度或纯度)
  • 1. High saturation: Vibrant and intense colors. (高饱和度：鲜艳和强烈的颜色)
  • 2. Low saturation: Dull and muted colors. (低饱和度：暗淡和柔和的颜色)
• C. Value (明度): The lightness or darkness of a color. (颜色的亮度或暗度)
  • 1. Tint (色调): Adding white to a color. (在颜色中加入白色)
  • 2. Shade (阴影): Adding black to a color. (在颜色中加入黑色)
  • 3. Tone (色调): Adding gray to a color. (在颜色中加入灰色)

V. Color Schemes (配色方案)

• A. Monochromatic (单色): Using different values (tints, shades, tones) of a single hue. (使用单一色相的不同明度值（色调、阴影、色调）)
  • Example: Different shades of blue (不同深浅的蓝色)
• B. Analogous (类似色): Using colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. (使用色轮上相邻的颜色)
  • Example: Blue, blue-green, and green (蓝色、蓝绿色和绿色)
• C. Complementary (互补色): Using colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. (使用色轮上相对的颜色)
  • Example: Red and green, blue and orange, yellow and purple (红色和绿色，蓝色和橙色，黄色和紫色)
• D. Triadic (三元色): Using three colors that are equally spaced on the color wheel. (使用色轮上等距分布的三个颜色)
  • Example: Red, yellow, and blue (红色、黄色和蓝色)
• E. Tetradic (四元色): Using four colors that are arranged into two complementary pairs on the color wheel. (使用色轮上排列成两对互补色的四个颜色)
  • Example: Green, red, yellow, and blue. (绿色、红色、黄色和蓝色 - two pairs of complementary colours, one warm/cool pair and one using primaries)

VI. Color Psychology (色彩心理学)

• A. Definition: The study of how colors affect human behavior and emotions. (研究颜色如何影响人类行为和情绪)
• B. Examples:
  • 1. Blue: Associated with trust, security, and reliability, often used by banks and insurance companies. (蓝色：与信任、安全和可靠性相关，常用于银行和保险公司)
  • 2. Green: Associated with nature, health, and growth, often used by environmentally conscious businesses. (绿色：与自然、健康和成长相关，常用于具有环保意识的企业)
  • 3. Red: Associated with energy, excitement, and urgency, often used for sales and promotions. (红色：与能量、兴奋和紧迫感相关，常用于销售和促销)
  • 4. Yellow: Associated with optimism, happiness, and warmth, often used to attract attention. (黄色：与乐观、幸福和温暖相关，常用于吸引注意力)
  • 5. Black: Associated with sophistication, power, and elegance, often used by luxury brands. (黑色：与成熟、力量和优雅相关，常用于奢侈品牌)
  • 6. White: Associated with purity, cleanliness, and simplicity, often used in healthcare and technology. (白色：与纯洁、干净和简洁相关，常用于医疗保健和技术)

VII. Color in Art & Design (艺术与设计中的色彩)

• A. Impressionism (印象派): Focused on capturing the fleeting effects of light and color. (专注于捕捉光和色彩的瞬间效果)
  • Examples: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas (克劳德·莫奈、埃德加·德加)
• B. Fauvism (野兽派): Used bold, non-naturalistic colors to express emotion. (使用大胆、非自然主义的色彩来表达情感)
  • Examples: Henri Matisse, André Derain (亨利·马蒂斯、安德烈·德兰)
• C. Color Theory in Graphic Design: Using color palettes to create visually appealing and effective designs. (平面设计中的色彩理论：使用调色板来创建视觉上吸引人且有效的设计)

VIII. Color Blindness (色盲)

• A. Definition: A deficiency in the ability to distinguish certain colors. (区分某些颜色的能力不足)
• B. Types:
  • 1. Red-green color blindness (红绿色盲)
  • 2. Blue-yellow color blindness (蓝黄色盲)
  • 3. Total color blindness (全色盲)

IX. Color Symbolism Across Cultures (跨文化颜色象征意义)

• A. White: Represents purity and mourning in Western cultures, but mourning in some Eastern cultures. (在西方文化中代表纯洁和哀悼，但在一些东方文化中代表哀悼)
• B. Red: Represents good luck and prosperity in Chinese culture, but danger or warning in Western cultures. (在中国文化中代表好运和繁荣，但在西方文化中代表危险或警告)

X. Applications of Color Knowledge (颜色知识的应用)

• A. Marketing & Advertising (营销与广告)
• B. Interior Design (室内设计)
• C. Fashion (时尚)
• D. Web Design (网页设计)
• E. Art Therapy (艺术疗法)