《初一英语上册U9思维导图》

中心主题：Unit 9 What does he look like?

I. Vocabulary (词汇)

A. Describing Appearance (描述外貌)

• 1. General Appearance (总体外貌)

  • tall: 高的
    • Example: He is very tall and thin.
  • short: 矮的
    • Example: She is short with curly hair.
  • thin: 瘦的
    • Example: The thin man is wearing glasses.
  • heavy: 胖的，重的
    • Example: He is a heavy man.
  • medium height: 中等身材
    • Example: She is of medium height.
  • medium build: 中等身材 (类似)
    • Example: He has a medium build.

• 2. Hair (头发)

  • hair: 头发 (不可数名词)
    • Example: She has beautiful hair.
  • long hair: 长头发
    • Example: She has long hair down to her shoulders.
  • short hair: 短头发
    • Example: He has short hair.
  • straight hair: 直发
    • Example: She has straight black hair.
  • curly hair: 卷发
    • Example: She has curly brown hair.
  • wavy hair: 波浪发
    • Example: She has wavy blonde hair.
  • bald: 秃头的
    • Example: The old man is bald.
  • brown hair: 棕色头发
    • Example: She has brown hair.
  • blonde hair: 金色头发
    • Example: She has blonde hair and blue eyes.
  • black hair: 黑色头发
    • Example: He has black hair.
  • red hair: 红色头发 (姜黄色)
    • Example: She has red hair.
  • gray hair: 灰发
    • Example: He has gray hair because he's old.

• 3. Eyes (眼睛)

  • eyes: 眼睛 (复数)
    • Example: He has big eyes.
  • blue eyes: 蓝色眼睛
    • Example: She has blue eyes.
  • brown eyes: 棕色眼睛
    • Example: He has brown eyes.
  • green eyes: 绿色眼睛
    • Example: She has green eyes.
  • black eyes: 黑色眼睛
    • Example: He has black eyes.
  • big eyes: 大眼睛
    • Example: She has big eyes.
  • small eyes: 小眼睛
    • Example: He has small eyes.

• 4. Other Features (其他特征)

  • glasses: 眼镜 (复数)
    • Example: He wears glasses.
  • beard: 胡子 (连在下巴上)
    • Example: He has a beard.
  • mustache: 八字胡
    • Example: He has a mustache.
  • freckles: 雀斑
    • Example: She has freckles on her face.

B. Describing Personality (描述性格)

• kind: 友善的
  • Example: She is a kind person.
• friendly: 友好的
  • Example: He is very friendly.
• funny: 有趣的，滑稽的
  • Example: She is a funny girl.
• outgoing: 外向的
  • Example: He is an outgoing person.
• serious: 严肃的
  • Example: He is a serious man.
• quiet: 安静的
  • Example: She is a quiet girl.
• clever: 聪明的
  • Example: He is a clever student.
• hardworking: 努力工作的
  • Example: She is a hardworking student.

C. Other Useful Words (其他有用词汇)

• look like: 看起来像
  • Example: What does he look like?
• wear: 穿，戴
  • Example: He wears glasses.
• have: 有
  • Example: He has brown hair.
• face: 脸
  • Example: She has a round face.

II. Grammar (语法)

A. Asking for and Giving Descriptions (询问和描述)

• 1. Asking about Appearance (询问外貌)

  • What does he/she look like? (他/她长什么样？)
    • Example: A: What does your brother look like? B: He is tall and thin.
  • Can you describe him/her? (你能描述一下他/她吗？)
    • Example: A: Can you describe your friend? B: She has long blonde hair and blue eyes.

• 2. Giving Descriptions (给出描述)

  • He/She is... (他/她是...)
    • Example: He is tall.
  • He/She has... (他/她有...)
    • Example: He has brown hair.
  • He/She wears... (他/她戴着/穿着...)
    • Example: He wears glasses.
  • He/She is of medium height/build. (他/她中等身高/身材)
    • Example: He is of medium height.
  • He/She is ... with ... (他/她是... 有...)
    • Example: She is short with curly hair.

B. Using Adjectives (使用形容词)

• Adjectives usually come before nouns. (形容词通常放在名词前)
  • Example: a tall man, short hair, blue eyes.
• After the verb "be" (am, is, are), adjectives describe the subject. (在动词"be"之后，形容词描述主语)
  • Example: He is tall. She is friendly.
• Combining multiple adjectives: Use "and" to connect similar adjectives. (组合多个形容词：使用"and"连接相似的形容词)
  • Example: He is tall and thin. She is kind and friendly.
• Order of Adjectives (形容词的顺序，一般遵循：Opinion-Size-Age-Shape-Color-Origin-Material-Purpose) 虽然初一不强调，可以稍微了解一下
  • Example: a nice big old round brown American cotton dress. (通常不会使用这么多形容词)

III. Communication Functions (交际功能)

• A. Identifying People (辨认人物)

  • Using descriptions to identify someone. (使用描述来辨认某人)
  • Example: A: Which one is your brother? B: He's the tall one with glasses.

• B. Making Inquiries (提出询问)

  • Asking for more details about someone's appearance or personality. (询问关于某人外貌或性格的更多细节)
  • Example: A: What color are her eyes? B: They are green.

• C. Describing People (描述人物)

  • Providing accurate and detailed descriptions of people. (提供准确和详细的人物描述)
  • Example: He is a kind and funny man. He has short black hair and brown eyes.

IV. Cultural Notes (文化笔记)

• A. Physical Beauty Standards (身体美标准)

  • Different cultures have different standards of beauty. (不同文化对美的标准不同)
  • It's important to be respectful of different appearances. (尊重不同的外貌很重要)

• B. Stereotypes (刻板印象)

  • Avoid making assumptions about people based on their appearance. (避免根据外貌对人进行假设)
  • Judging people based on stereotypes is unfair. (根据刻板印象判断他人是不公平的)

V. Example Sentences (例句)

• What does your father look like? He is tall and has short gray hair.
• She has long curly brown hair and blue eyes.
• He wears glasses and has a beard.
• Is she kind and friendly? Yes, she is very outgoing.
• Can you describe your friend? She is of medium height and has straight black hair.
• The girl with freckles is my sister.
• My teacher is a serious but clever man.

VI. Common Mistakes (常见错误)

• Using "has" instead of "is" when describing general characteristics. (描述一般特征时使用 "has" 代替 "is")
  • Incorrect: He has tall. Correct: He is tall.
• Forgetting the plural "s" on "eyes" and "glasses." (忘记在 "eyes" 和 "glasses" 上加复数 "s")
  • Incorrect: He has blue eye. Correct: He has blue eyes.
• Misusing adjectives after the verb "be." (误用动词 "be" 之后的形容词)
  • Incorrect: He is a tall. Correct: He is tall.

VII. Practice Exercises (练习题)

• A. Fill in the blanks:

  • 1. What does she ? She is tall and _____.
  • 2. He short and brown _____.
  • 3. She and friendly.
  • 4. Does he ? Yes, he wears _____.
  • 5. My friend is of height and build.

• B. Translate the following sentences:

  • 1. 他长什么样？他很高而且很瘦。
  • 2. 她有长长的金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。
  • 3. 他戴着眼镜，还留着胡子。
  • 4. 你的哥哥友好吗？是的，他非常友好。
  • 5. 描述一下你的老师。她中等身材，并且有直直的黑色的头发。

• C. Describe your family members and friends. (描述你的家人和朋友)

VIII. Extension Activities (拓展活动)

• A. Role-playing:

  • Practice asking and answering questions about appearance and personality with a partner. (与同伴练习询问和回答有关外貌和性格的问题)

• B. Picture Description:

  • Describe people in pictures using vocabulary from the unit. (使用本单元的词汇描述图片中的人物)

• C. Writing a Character Sketch:

  • Write a detailed description of a fictional character. (写一篇关于虚构人物的详细描述)

This detailed outline provides a comprehensive overview of Unit 9 in a typical first-year English textbook. Remember to adapt this to the specific content and exercises in your textbook. Good luck!

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