初一英语思维导图
《初一英语思维导图》
I. 语音 (Phonetics)
- A. 音素 (Phonemes)
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- 元音 (Vowels)
- a. 长元音 (Long Vowels): /i:/, /ɑ:/, /ɔ:/, /u:/, /ɜ:/
- b. 短元音 (Short Vowels): /ɪ/, /æ/, /ɒ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /e/, /ʌ/
- c. 双元音 (Diphthongs): /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ɪə/, /eə/, /ʊə/, /əʊ/, /aʊ/
- d. 元音字母组合发音规律:
- ai/ay, ea/ee, oa/ow, ou/oo, 等
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- 辅音 (Consonants)
- a. 爆破音 (Plosives): /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /ɡ/
- b. 摩擦音 (Fricatives): /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/
- c. 破擦音 (Affricates): /tʃ/, /dʒ/
- d. 鼻音 (Nasals): /m/, /n/, /ŋ/
- e. 舌边音 (Lateral): /l/
- f. 近音 (Approximants): /r/, /j/, /w/
- g. 辅音字母组合发音规律:
- ch, sh, th, ph, wh, 等
- B. 音标 (Phonetic Symbols)
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- 音标的识别与书写
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- 利用音标进行单词拼读
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- 音标在词典中的应用
- C. 语音语调 (Pronunciation and Intonation)
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- 重音 (Stress)
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- 语调 (Intonation)
- a. 升调 (Rising Intonation)
- b. 降调 (Falling Intonation)
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- 连读 (Liaison)
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- 弱读 (Weak Forms)
II. 词汇 (Vocabulary)
- A. 词性 (Parts of Speech)
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- 名词 (Nouns): 可数名词/不可数名词,单复数形式
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- 代词 (Pronouns): 人称代词,物主代词,指示代词,疑问代词
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- 动词 (Verbs): 实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词
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- 形容词 (Adjectives): 用法,比较级和最高级
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- 副词 (Adverbs): 用法,比较级和最高级
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- 介词 (Prepositions): in, on, at, to, from, for, with, by, 等
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- 连词 (Conjunctions): and, but, or, so, because, 等
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- 数词 (Numerals): 基数词,序数词
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- 冠词 (Articles): a, an, the
- B. 常用词汇分类 (Common Vocabulary Categories)
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- 家庭 (Family)
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- 学校 (School)
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- 食物 (Food)
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- 动物 (Animals)
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- 颜色 (Colors)
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- 数字 (Numbers)
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- 时间 (Time)
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- 地点 (Places)
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- 运动 (Sports)
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- 服装 (Clothing)
- C. 构词法 (Word Formation)
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- 前缀 (Prefixes)
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- 后缀 (Suffixes)
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- 合成词 (Compound Words)
III. 语法 (Grammar)
- A. 基本句型 (Basic Sentence Patterns)
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- S + V (主语 + 谓语)
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- S + V + O (主语 + 谓语 + 宾语)
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- S + V + C (主语 + 谓语 + 表语)
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- S + V + IO + DO (主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语)
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- S + V + O + OC (主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)
- B. 时态 (Tenses)
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- 一般现在时 (Present Simple)
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- 一般过去时 (Past Simple)
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- 一般将来时 (Future Simple)
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- 现在进行时 (Present Continuous)
- C. 语态 (Voice)
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- 主动语态 (Active Voice)
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- 被动语态 (Passive Voice) (基本结构)
- D. 句子成分 (Sentence Elements)
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- 主语 (Subject)
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- 谓语 (Predicate)
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- 宾语 (Object)
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- 表语 (Complement)
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- 定语 (Attribute)
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- 状语 (Adverbial)
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- 补语 (Complement)
- E. 简单句类型 (Simple Sentence Types)
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- 陈述句 (Declarative Sentence)
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- 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence)
- a. 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions)
- b. 特殊疑问句 (Wh- Questions)
- c. 选择疑问句 (Alternative Questions)
- d. 反义疑问句 (Tag Questions)
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- 祈使句 (Imperative Sentence)
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- 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence)
- F. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词
- G. There be 句型
- H. 指示代词:this, that, these, those
- I. 情态动词: can, could, may, might, must, should
IV. 听力 (Listening)
- A. 听力技巧 (Listening Skills)
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- 抓关键词 (Keywords)
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- 预测内容 (Predicting Content)
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- 记笔记 (Note-Taking)
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- 理解说话人意图 (Understanding Speaker's Intention)
- B. 听力材料类型 (Listening Material Types)
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- 对话 (Dialogues)
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- 短文 (Short Passages)
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- 通知 (Announcements)
- C. 听力训练方法 (Listening Training Methods)
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- 精听 (Intensive Listening)
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- 泛听 (Extensive Listening)
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- 跟读 (Shadowing)
V. 口语 (Speaking)
- A. 日常口语表达 (Daily Speaking Expressions)
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- 问候 (Greetings)
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- 介绍 (Introductions)
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- 道歉 (Apologies)
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- 感谢 (Thanks)
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- 邀请 (Invitations)
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- 告别 (Farewells)
- B. 常用话题 (Common Topics)
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- 家庭 (Family)
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- 学校 (School)
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- 爱好 (Hobbies)
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- 食物 (Food)
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- 旅行 (Travel)
- C. 口语练习方法 (Speaking Practice Methods)
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- 角色扮演 (Role-Playing)
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- 小组讨论 (Group Discussions)
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- 演讲 (Presentations)
VI. 阅读 (Reading)
- A. 阅读技巧 (Reading Skills)
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- 略读 (Skimming)
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- 扫读 (Scanning)
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- 推断词义 (Inferring Word Meanings)
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- 理解文章主旨 (Understanding Main Idea)
- B. 阅读材料类型 (Reading Material Types)
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- 短文 (Short Passages)
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- 故事 (Stories)
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- 信件 (Letters)
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- 日记 (Diaries)
- C. 阅读理解策略 (Reading Comprehension Strategies)
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- 找出主题句 (Identifying Topic Sentences)
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- 区分事实与观点 (Distinguishing Facts from Opinions)
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- 理解文章结构 (Understanding Text Structure)
VII. 写作 (Writing)
- A. 基本写作技巧 (Basic Writing Skills)
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- 句子结构 (Sentence Structure)
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- 段落结构 (Paragraph Structure)
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- 常用连接词 (Common Linking Words)
- B. 常用写作类型 (Common Writing Types)
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- 短文写作 (Short Passages)
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- 日记写作 (Diary Writing)
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- 电子邮件写作 (Email Writing)
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- 便条写作 (Note Writing)
- C. 写作练习方法 (Writing Practice Methods)
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- 模仿写作 (Imitation Writing)
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- 自由写作 (Free Writing)
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- 修改润色 (Revising and Editing)
VIII. 文化 (Culture)
- A. 英语国家文化 (English-Speaking Countries Culture)
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- 节日 (Festivals)
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- 习俗 (Customs)
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- 礼仪 (Etiquette)
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- 饮食 (Cuisine)
- B.跨文化交流 (Cross-Cultural Communication)
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- 文化差异 (Cultural Differences)
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- 交流技巧 (Communication Skills)
IX. 学习方法 (Learning Methods)
- A. 制定学习计划 (Creating a Study Plan)
- B. 寻找学习资源 (Finding Learning Resources)
- C. 培养学习兴趣 (Cultivating Learning Interest)
- D. 坚持不懈 (Persistence)
X. 考试技巧 (Exam Skills)
- A. 考前准备 (Pre-Exam Preparation)
- B. 考试策略 (Exam Strategies)
- C. 考后总结 (Post-Exam Review)