《Family思维导图英语》

中心主题：Family

一、核心家庭成员 (Nuclear Family)

• Parents (父母)

  • Mother (妈妈)
    • Mom/Mum (口语化称呼)
    • Homemaker (家庭主妇)
    • Working Mother (职业女性)
    • Stay-at-home mom (全职妈妈)
    • Qualities: Caring (关爱), Loving (有爱), Supportive (支持), Patient (耐心), Nurturing (养育)
    • Actions: Cooks meals (做饭), Cleans the house (打扫房间), Helps with homework (辅导作业), Provides emotional support (提供情感支持), Disciplines children (管教孩子)
  • Father (爸爸)
    • Dad (口语化称呼)
    • Breadwinner (养家糊口的人)
    • Qualities: Strong (坚强), Protective (保护), Responsible (负责任), Encouraging (鼓励), Authoritative (权威)
    • Actions: Works to earn money (工作挣钱), Does yard work (做庭院工作), Fixes things around the house (修理房屋), Plays with children (和孩子玩耍), Teaches children valuable skills (教孩子有用的技能)

• Children (孩子)

  • Son (儿子)
    • Characteristics: Energetic (精力充沛), Curious (好奇), Playful (爱玩)
    • Responsibilities: Doing chores (做家务), Respecting parents (尊重父母), Studying hard (努力学习)
  • Daughter (女儿)
    • Characteristics: Empathetic (善解人意), Caring (体贴), Creative (有创造力)
    • Responsibilities: Helping around the house (帮忙做家务), Being kind to siblings (对兄弟姐妹友善), Obeying rules (遵守规则)
  • Siblings (兄弟姐妹)
    • Brother (兄弟)
      • Older Brother (哥哥): Protective, Role model (榜样)
      • Younger Brother (弟弟): Playful, Dependent (依赖)
    • Sister (姐妹)
      • Older Sister (姐姐): Caring, Nurturing (养育)
      • Younger Sister (妹妹): Adorable (可爱), Spoiled (娇惯)
    • Relationship: Support (支持), Conflict (冲突), Sharing (分享), Competition (竞争)

二、大家庭成员 (Extended Family)

• Grandparents (祖父母)

  • Grandmother (奶奶/外婆)
    • Grandma/Granny (口语化称呼)
    • Paternal Grandmother (奶奶): Father's mother
    • Maternal Grandmother (外婆): Mother's mother
    • Qualities: Wise (智慧), Loving (慈爱), Experienced (经验丰富)
    • Actions: Tells stories (讲故事), Gives advice (提供建议), Spends time with grandchildren (和孙辈共度时光)
  • Grandfather (爷爷/外公)
    • Grandpa/Granddad (口语化称呼)
    • Paternal Grandfather (爷爷): Father's father
    • Maternal Grandfather (外公): Mother's father
    • Qualities: Strong (强壮), Knowledgeable (博学), Patient (耐心)
    • Actions: Teaches skills (教技能), Plays games (玩游戏), Offers wisdom (提供智慧)

• Aunts and Uncles (叔叔阿姨舅舅姑姑)

  • Aunt (阿姨/姑姑/舅妈/姨妈)
    • Father's Sister (姑姑)
    • Mother's Sister (阿姨/姨妈)
    • Father's Brother's Wife (婶婶/伯母)
    • Mother's Brother's Wife (舅妈)
    • Qualities: Fun (有趣), Supportive (支持), Helpful (乐于助人)
    • Actions: Gives gifts (送礼物), Offers advice (提供建议), Babysits (照看孩子)
  • Uncle (叔叔/伯伯/舅舅/姨夫/姑父)
    • Father's Brother (叔叔/伯伯)
    • Mother's Brother (舅舅)
    • Father's Sister's Husband (姑父)
    • Mother's Sister's Husband (姨夫)
    • Qualities: Humorous (幽默), Strong (强壮), Knowledgeable (博学)
    • Actions: Plays with children (和孩子玩耍), Tells jokes (讲笑话), Offers guidance (提供指导)

• Cousins (堂/表兄弟姐妹)

  • First Cousins (堂/表兄弟姐妹): Children of aunts and uncles
  • Second Cousins (再从兄弟姐妹): Children of your parents' cousins
  • Relationship: Playmates (玩伴), Friends (朋友), Confidants (知己)

三、家庭关系 (Family Relationships)

• Love (爱)
  • Unconditional Love (无条件的爱)
  • Affection (喜爱)
  • Caring (关心)
• Respect (尊重)
  • Respecting elders (尊重长辈)
  • Respecting each other's opinions (尊重彼此的意见)
  • Respecting boundaries (尊重界限)
• Communication (沟通)
  • Open communication (开放式沟通)
  • Active listening (积极倾听)
  • Expressing feelings (表达感受)
• Support (支持)
  • Emotional support (情感支持)
  • Financial support (经济支持)
  • Moral support (精神支持)
• Conflict Resolution (冲突解决)
  • Compromise (妥协)
  • Forgiveness (原谅)
  • Understanding (理解)
• Family Traditions (家庭传统)
  • Holidays (节日)
    • Christmas (圣诞节)
    • Thanksgiving (感恩节)
    • New Year's Day (元旦)
    • Birthdays (生日)
  • Family Meals (家庭聚餐)
  • Family Vacations (家庭旅行)
  • Family Game Nights (家庭游戏夜)
• Family Values (家庭价值观)
  • Honesty (诚实)
  • Integrity (正直)
  • Responsibility (责任)
  • Kindness (善良)
  • Compassion (同情心)
  • Hard work (努力工作)
  • Education (教育)

四、常用表达 (Useful Expressions)

• "My family means the world to me." (我的家人对我来说至关重要。)
• "I love spending time with my family." (我喜欢和家人一起度过时光。)
• "Family is everything." (家庭就是一切。)
• "Blood is thicker than water." (血浓于水。)
• "Like father, like son." (有其父必有其子。)
• "The apple doesn't fall far from the tree." (苹果不会掉到离树很远的地方。)(比喻子女和父母相似)
• "He/She is the black sheep of the family." (他/她是家里的害群之马。)
• "She/He is the apple of my eye." (她/他是我的掌上明珠。)
• "He/She is a chip off the old block." (他/她是像他/她父亲(母亲)一样的人。)
• "We are a close-knit family." (我们是一个关系紧密的家庭。)
• "We have our ups and downs." (我们有起起落落。)
• "We always support each other through thick and thin." (我们总是互相支持，同甘共苦。)

五、扩展词汇 (Extended Vocabulary)

• Ancestors (祖先)
• Descendants (后代)
• Genealogy (家谱)
• Heritage (遗产)
• Household (家庭)
• Kinship (亲属关系)
• Marriage (婚姻)
• Divorce (离婚)
• Adoption (收养)
• Foster care (寄养)
• Stepfamily (继亲家庭)
• Single-parent family (单亲家庭)

六、 语法与句型 (Grammar and Sentence Structures)

• Possessive adjectives (所有格形容词): my, your, his, her, its, our, their (e.g., My mother is a teacher.)
• Possessive pronouns (所有格代词): mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs (e.g., This is my car. It is mine.)
• Genitive case (所有格): 's (e.g., My father's car is blue.)
• Relative clauses (关系从句): who, which, that (e.g., My brother, who is a doctor, lives in London.)
• Conditional sentences (条件句): If...then... (e.g., If I have time, I will visit my grandparents.)

七、 文化差异 (Cultural Differences)

• Family size (家庭规模)
• Roles of family members (家庭成员的角色)
• Respect for elders (对长辈的尊重)
• Family values (家庭价值观)
• Family traditions (家庭传统)
• Different family structures (不同的家庭结构) around the world. (e.g., Extended families are more common in some cultures.)
• Collectivism vs. Individualism: The emphasis on family versus individual needs varies across cultures.