《英语六年级思维导图 简单漂亮》

一、语法核心

1. 时态 (Tenses)

• 一般现在时 (Simple Present):

  • 用法: 经常发生的动作、真理、习惯。
  • 关键词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week/month/year, once/twice/three times a week/month/year.
  • 动词变化: 第三人称单数动词加 -s/-es。
  • 例句: I eat breakfast every morning. She plays the piano.

• 现在进行时 (Present Continuous):

  • 用法: 现在正在发生的动作，临时的活动。
  • 关键词: now, at the moment, these days.
  • 构成: am/is/are + 动词-ing 形式。
  • 例句: I am watching TV now. They are studying for the exam.

• 一般过去时 (Simple Past):

  • 用法: 过去发生的动作，已经结束的事情。
  • 关键词: yesterday, last week/month/year, ago (two days ago, etc.), in 2020.
  • 动词变化: 规则动词加 -ed，不规则动词查表。
  • 例句: I went to the zoo yesterday. She finished her homework.

• 一般将来时 (Simple Future):

  • 用法: 将来发生的动作，计划或预测。
  • 关键词: tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon.
  • 构成: will + 动词原形 或 be going to + 动词原形。
  • 例句: I will go to the park tomorrow. They are going to travel to China next year.

2. 词性 (Parts of Speech)

• 名词 (Nouns):

  • 分类: 可数名词 (countable) & 不可数名词 (uncountable)。
  • 单复数: 规则名词加 -s/-es，不规则名词需要记忆。
  • 例句: book, apple, water, air.

• 代词 (Pronouns):

  • 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns): I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
  • 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns): mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.
  • 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns): this, that, these, those.
  • 例句: He is my friend. This is my book.

• 动词 (Verbs):

  • 及物动词 (Transitive Verbs): 后面需要接宾语. 例：eat, read.
  • 不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs): 后面不需要接宾语. 例：sleep, run.
  • 情态动词 (Modal Verbs): can, could, should, would, may, might, must.
  • 例句: I eat an apple. She sleeps late.

• 形容词 (Adjectives):

  • 用法: 修饰名词。
  • 位置: 在名词前或系动词后。
  • 例句: a big apple, The apple is delicious.

• 副词 (Adverbs):

  • 用法: 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
  • 分类: 程度副词 (very, quite), 时间副词 (now, yesterday), 地点副词 (here, there), 方式副词 (quickly, slowly).
  • 例句: He runs quickly. She is very happy.

• 介词 (Prepositions):

  • 常见介词: in, on, at, to, from, with, by, for, of, under, over, between, among.
  • 用法: 表示地点、时间、方式等。
  • 例句: The book is on the table. I go to school at 8 am.

• 连词 (Conjunctions):

  • 并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions): and, but, or, so.
  • 从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunctions): because, if, although, when, while.
  • 例句: I like apples and bananas. I am happy because it is my birthday.

3. 句子结构 (Sentence Structure)

• 简单句 (Simple Sentence): 只有一个主语和谓语。

  • 例句: I eat. She sings.

• 并列句 (Compound Sentence): 由两个或多个简单句用并列连词连接而成。

  • 例句: I eat apples, and she drinks juice.

• 复合句 (Complex Sentence): 由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。

  • 例句: I am happy because it is my birthday. (because引导原因状语从句)

二、词汇拓展 (Vocabulary Expansion)

1. 话题分类 (Topic Categories)

• 家庭 (Family): parents, siblings, grandparents, relatives.
• 学校 (School): teachers, students, classroom, subjects (Math, English, Science).
• 食物 (Food): fruits, vegetables, meat, snacks, drinks.
• 动物 (Animals): pets, wild animals, farm animals.
• 交通工具 (Transportation): car, bus, train, airplane, bicycle.
• 自然 (Nature): mountains, rivers, trees, flowers, weather.
• 职业 (Occupations): teacher, doctor, farmer, policeman, fireman.
• 节日 (Festivals): Christmas, New Year, Spring Festival, Halloween.

2. 同义词/反义词 (Synonyms/Antonyms)

• happy: joyful, glad / sad, unhappy.
• big: large, huge / small, tiny.
• good: excellent, wonderful / bad, terrible.
• fast: quick, rapid / slow.
• beautiful: pretty, lovely / ugly.

3. 常用短语 (Common Phrases)

• look after: 照顾
• take care of: 照顾
• get up: 起床
• go to bed: 睡觉
• wake up: 醒来
• have breakfast/lunch/dinner: 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
• play sports: 玩运动
• watch TV: 看电视
• listen to music: 听音乐
• read books: 看书

三、阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)

1. 阅读技巧 (Reading Skills)

• Skimming (略读): 快速浏览文章，了解文章大意。
• Scanning (查读): 快速查找特定信息。
• Identifying main ideas (识别主要思想): 找出段落或文章的主要内容。
• Understanding context clues (理解语境): 通过上下文猜测词义。
• Making inferences (进行推断): 根据文章内容进行推断。

2. 题型分析 (Question Types)

• Main idea questions (主旨题): 询问文章或段落的主要内容。
• Detail questions (细节题): 询问文章中具体的细节信息。
• Vocabulary in context questions (语境词汇题): 询问某个词语在文章中的意思。
• Inference questions (推断题): 需要根据文章内容进行推断。
• Purpose questions (目的题): 询问作者的写作目的。

四、写作技巧 (Writing Skills)

1. 常用句型 (Useful Sentence Patterns)

• 描述事物: This is a… It is… It has…
• 表达喜欢/不喜欢: I like… I enjoy… I don’t like… I hate…
• 表达观点: I think… In my opinion…
• 提出建议: You should… You can…
• 描述经历: I went to… I saw… I had…

2. 写作步骤 (Writing Steps)

• Brainstorming (头脑风暴): 列出所有相关的想法。
• Outlining (列提纲): 组织你的想法，确定文章结构。
• Drafting (起草): 写出文章的初稿。
• Revising (修改): 检查文章的语法、拼写和内容。
• Editing (编辑): 对文章进行最后的润色。

3. 常见写作类型 (Common Writing Types)

• 日记 (Diary): 记录每天的经历和感受。
• 信件 (Letter): 给朋友或家人写信。
• 故事 (Story): 讲述一个虚构的故事。
• 描述文 (Descriptive Writing): 描述一个人、事物或地点。
• 议论文 (Argumentative Writing): 表达自己的观点并进行论证。