《思维导图食物英语》

一、水果 (Fruits)

• 中心主题: Fruits (水果)

  • 核心分支 1: Tropical Fruits (热带水果)

    • Mango (芒果)
      • Characteristics: Sweet, juicy, fragrant (甜的，多汁的，香的)
      • Uses: Smoothies, desserts, eaten fresh (冰沙，甜点，鲜吃)
      • Varieties: Alphonso, Tommy Atkins, Kent (阿方索，汤米·阿特金斯，肯特)
    • Pineapple (菠萝)
      • Characteristics: Tangy, fibrous, spiky skin (酸甜的，纤维多的，多刺的皮)
      • Uses: Juice, grilled, in pizza (果汁，烧烤，披萨中)
      • Origin: South America (原产地：南美洲)
    • Banana (香蕉)
      • Characteristics: Soft, sweet, potassium-rich (软的，甜的，富含钾)
      • Uses: Snacks, baking, smoothies (零食，烘焙，冰沙)
      • Varieties: Cavendish, Plantain (卡文迪许，大蕉)
    • Papaya (木瓜)
      • Characteristics: Sweet, orange flesh, black seeds (甜的，橙色果肉，黑色籽)
      • Uses: Salads, desserts, medicinal properties (沙拉，甜点，药用价值)
    • Coconut (椰子)
      • Characteristics: Hard shell, sweet water, coconut meat (硬壳，甜水，椰肉)
      • Uses: Water, milk, oil, shredded coconut (水，奶，油，椰丝)

  • 核心分支 2: Berries (浆果)

    • Strawberry (草莓)
      • Characteristics: Sweet, red, small seeds on the outside (甜的，红色的，外侧有小种子)
      • Uses: Desserts, jams, eaten fresh (甜点，果酱，鲜吃)
      • Health Benefits: Vitamin C, antioxidants (健康益处：维生素C，抗氧化剂)
    • Blueberry (蓝莓)
      • Characteristics: Small, blue, sweet-tart (小的，蓝色的，酸甜的)
      • Uses: Muffins, pancakes, smoothies (松饼，薄煎饼，冰沙)
      • Health Benefits: Antioxidants, brain health (健康益处：抗氧化剂，大脑健康)
    • Raspberry (覆盆子)
      • Characteristics: Tart, red, hollow core (酸的，红色的，空心)
      • Uses: Desserts, jams, sauces (甜点，果酱，酱汁)
    • Blackberry (黑莓)
      • Characteristics: Dark purple, sweet-tart, seedy (深紫色，酸甜的，多籽的)
      • Uses: Pies, jams, eaten fresh (馅饼，果酱，鲜吃)
    • Cranberry (蔓越莓)
      • Characteristics: Tart, red, used in sauces and juices (酸的，红色的，用于酱汁和果汁)

  • 核心分支 3: Citrus Fruits (柑橘类水果)

    • Orange (橙子)
      • Characteristics: Juicy, sweet, Vitamin C (多汁的，甜的，维生素C)
      • Varieties: Navel, Valencia, Blood Orange (脐橙，瓦伦西亚橙，血橙)
      • Uses: Juice, eaten fresh, marmalade (果汁，鲜吃，橘子酱)
    • Lemon (柠檬)
      • Characteristics: Sour, yellow, acidic (酸的，黄色的，酸性的)
      • Uses: Lemonade, flavoring, cleaning (柠檬水，调味，清洁)
    • Lime (青柠)
      • Characteristics: Sour, green, similar to lemon (酸的，绿色的，类似于柠檬)
      • Uses: Cocktails, flavoring, marinades (鸡尾酒，调味，腌料)
    • Grapefruit (葡萄柚)
      • Characteristics: Bitter-sweet, pink or yellow flesh (苦甜的，粉色或黄色果肉)
      • Varieties: Ruby Red, White Grapefruit (红宝石葡萄柚，白葡萄柚)
    • Mandarin (柑橘)
      • Characteristics: Easy to peel, sweet, small (易剥皮，甜的，小的)
      • Varieties: Clementine, Tangerine (克莱门汀，橘子)

二、蔬菜 (Vegetables)

• 中心主题: Vegetables (蔬菜)

  • 核心分支 1: Leafy Greens (绿叶蔬菜)

    • Lettuce (生菜)
      • Varieties: Romaine, Iceberg, Butter Lettuce (罗马生菜，冰山生菜，奶油生菜)
      • Uses: Salads, sandwiches, wraps (沙拉，三明治，卷饼)
    • Spinach (菠菜)
      • Nutrients: Iron, Vitamin K (营养成分：铁，维生素K)
      • Uses: Salads, cooked, smoothies (沙拉，烹饪，冰沙)
    • Kale (羽衣甘蓝)
      • Characteristics: Tough, curly leaves (坚韧的，卷曲的叶子)
      • Uses: Salads, chips, smoothies (沙拉，薯片，冰沙)
    • Arugula (芝麻菜)
      • Characteristics: Peppery flavor (胡椒味)
      • Uses: Salads, pizza topping (沙拉，披萨配料)
    • Swiss Chard (瑞士甜菜)
      • Characteristics: Colorful stalks and leaves (彩色的茎和叶)
      • Uses: Sauteed, steamed, in soups (炒，蒸，汤中)

  • 核心分支 2: Root Vegetables (根茎蔬菜)

    • Carrot (胡萝卜)
      • Nutrients: Beta-carotene, Vitamin A (营养成分：β-胡萝卜素，维生素A)
      • Uses: Raw, cooked, in soups (生吃，烹饪，汤中)
    • Potato (土豆)
      • Varieties: Russet, Yukon Gold, Red Potato (赤褐色，育空黄金，红土豆)
      • Uses: Fried, mashed, baked (炸，泥，烤)
    • Sweet Potato (红薯)
      • Nutrients: Vitamin A, Fiber (营养成分：维生素A，纤维)
      • Uses: Baked, roasted, fries (烤，烤，炸薯条)
    • Beet (甜菜)
      • Characteristics: Earthy flavor, red color (泥土味，红色)
      • Uses: Salads, pickled, juiced (沙拉，腌制，榨汁)
    • Radish (小萝卜)
      • Characteristics: Peppery bite, small and round (胡椒味，小而圆)
      • Uses: Salads, garnishes (沙拉，装饰)

  • 核心分支 3: Cruciferous Vegetables (十字花科蔬菜)

    • Broccoli (西兰花)
      • Nutrients: Vitamin C, Fiber (营养成分：维生素C，纤维)
      • Uses: Steamed, roasted, stir-fried (蒸，烤，炒)
    • Cauliflower (花椰菜)
      • Uses: Roasted, mashed, cauliflower rice (烤，泥，花椰菜米饭)
    • Cabbage (卷心菜)
      • Uses: Coleslaw, sauerkraut, stir-fries (凉拌卷心菜，酸菜，炒菜)
    • Brussels Sprouts (抱子甘蓝)
      • Uses: Roasted, sauteed (烤，炒)
    • Kale (羽衣甘蓝) - (重复，可以删除或合并)

三、肉类 (Meat)

• 中心主题: Meat (肉类)

  • 核心分支 1: Poultry (家禽)

    • Chicken (鸡肉)
      • Parts: Breast, thigh, drumstick, wings (部位：鸡胸肉，鸡腿肉，小腿，鸡翅)
      • Cooking Methods: Grilled, roasted, fried (烹饪方法：烤，烤，炸)
      • Types: Whole chicken, boneless, skinless (种类：整鸡，去骨，去皮)
    • Turkey (火鸡)
      • Uses: Thanksgiving dinner, sandwiches (用途：感恩节晚餐，三明治)
    • Duck (鸭肉)
      • Characteristics: Rich flavor, fatty skin (味道浓郁，脂肪皮)
      • Uses: Peking Duck, roasted duck (用途：北京烤鸭，烤鸭)
    • Goose (鹅肉)
      • Characteristics: Similar to duck, but larger (类似于鸭肉，但更大)
      • Uses: Foie gras, roasted goose (用途：鹅肝，烤鹅)

  • 核心分支 2: Red Meat (红肉)

    • Beef (牛肉)
      • Cuts: Steak (Ribeye, Sirloin, Filet Mignon), Ground Beef, Roast (部位：牛排（肋眼，西冷，菲力牛排），碎牛肉，烤肉)
      • Cooking Methods: Grilled, pan-fried, roasted (烹饪方法：烤，煎，烤)
      • Doneness: Rare, Medium Rare, Medium, Medium Well, Well Done (熟度：一分熟，三分熟，五分熟，七分熟，全熟)
    • Pork (猪肉)
      • Cuts: Pork Chops, Bacon, Ham, Sausage (部位：猪排，培根，火腿，香肠)
      • Cooking Methods: Grilled, roasted, fried (烹饪方法：烤，烤，炸)
    • Lamb (羊肉)
      • Cuts: Lamb Chops, Leg of Lamb (部位：羊排，羊腿)
      • Cooking Methods: Roasted, grilled (烹饪方法：烤，烤)

  • 核心分支 3: Seafood (海鲜)

    • Fish (鱼)
      • Types: Salmon, Tuna, Cod, Tilapia (种类：鲑鱼，金枪鱼，鳕鱼，罗非鱼)
      • Cooking Methods: Grilled, baked, fried (烹饪方法：烤，烤，炸)
    • Shellfish (贝类)
      • Types: Shrimp, Crab, Lobster, Oysters, Clams (种类：虾，蟹，龙虾，牡蛎，蛤蜊)
      • Cooking Methods: Steamed, boiled, grilled (烹饪方法：蒸，煮，烤)

四、饮料 (Drinks)

• 中心主题: Drinks (饮料)

  • 核心分支 1: Water (水)

    • Types: Still water, Sparkling water, Flavored water (种类：静水，气泡水，风味水)
    • Benefits: Hydration, essential for health (益处：补水，对健康至关重要)
    • Terms: Dehydration, thirst (术语：脱水，口渴)

  • 核心分支 2: Soft Drinks (软饮料)

    • Soda (苏打水)
      • Flavors: Cola, Lemon-Lime, Orange (口味：可乐，柠檬酸橙，橙子)
      • Concerns: High sugar content (担忧：高糖分)
    • Juice (果汁)
      • Types: Orange juice, Apple juice, Grape juice (种类：橙汁，苹果汁，葡萄汁)
      • Terms: Freshly squeezed, concentrate (术语：鲜榨，浓缩)
    • Iced Tea (冰茶)
      • Varieties: Sweet tea, Unsweetened tea, Lemon iced tea (种类：甜茶，无糖茶，柠檬冰茶)

  • 核心分支 3: Hot Drinks (热饮)

    • Coffee (咖啡)
      • Types: Espresso, Latte, Cappuccino, Americano (种类：意式浓缩咖啡，拿铁，卡布奇诺，美式咖啡)
      • Terms: Caffeine, barista (术语：咖啡因，咖啡师)
    • Tea (茶)
      • Types: Black tea, Green tea, Herbal tea (种类：红茶，绿茶，花草茶)
      • Terms: Infusion, brew (术语：浸泡，冲泡)
    • Hot Chocolate (热巧克力)
      • Ingredients: Chocolate, Milk, Sugar (成分：巧克力，牛奶，糖)
      • Variations: With marshmallows, whipped cream (变体：加棉花糖，鲜奶油)

五、烹饪方法 (Cooking Methods)

• 中心主题: Cooking Methods (烹饪方法)

  • 核心分支 1: Dry Heat Cooking (干热烹饪)

    • Baking (烘烤)
      • Examples: Cakes, bread, cookies (例子：蛋糕，面包，饼干)
      • Terms: Preheat, oven temperature (术语：预热，烤箱温度)
    • Roasting (烤)
      • Examples: Meats, vegetables (例子：肉类，蔬菜)
      • Terms: Basting, seasoning (术语：涂油，调味)
    • Grilling (烤)
      • Examples: Steaks, burgers, vegetables (例子：牛排，汉堡，蔬菜)
      • Terms: Grill marks, marinade (术语：烤痕，腌料)
    • Frying (油炸)
      • Types: Deep frying, pan frying, stir-frying (种类：油炸，煎炸，翻炒)
      • Terms: Hot oil, crispy (术语：热油，酥脆)

  • 核心分支 2: Moist Heat Cooking (湿热烹饪)

    • Steaming (蒸)
      • Examples: Vegetables, dumplings (例子：蔬菜，饺子)
      • Terms: Steamer, delicate (术语：蒸笼，精致)
    • Boiling (煮)
      • Examples: Pasta, eggs, vegetables (例子：意大利面，鸡蛋，蔬菜)
      • Terms: Simmer, rolling boil (术语：煨，沸腾)
    • Poaching (煨)
      • Examples: Eggs, fish (例子：鸡蛋，鱼)
      • Terms: Gentle heat, delicate flavor (术语：小火，精致风味)

  • 核心分支 3: Combination Cooking (混合烹饪)

    • Braising (炖)
      • Examples: Meat, stews (例子：肉，炖菜)
      • Terms: Sear, simmer, tender (术语：煎，煨，嫩)
    • Stewing (炖)
      • Examples: Soups, chili (例子：汤，辣椒)
      • Terms: Slow cooking, rich flavor (术语：慢炖，浓郁风味)