《高中英语思维导图》
一、词汇 (Vocabulary)
1. 词根词缀 (Roots & Affixes)
* 1.1 常见词根 (Common Roots):
* 1.1.1 -ject- (投掷): reject, project, inject, subject
* 1.1.2 -port- (携带): transport, import, export, portable
* 1.1.3 -vis/vid- (看): vision, visible, video, evidence
* 1.1.4 -scrib/scrip- (写): describe, prescribe, script, subscription
* 1.1.5 -fer- (带来/搬运): transfer, refer, infer, conference
* 1.2 常见前缀 (Common Prefixes):
* 1.2.1 un- (否定): unhappy, unable, undone
* 1.2.2 re- (重新): rewrite, replay, return
* 1.2.3 in-/im-/il-/ir- (否定): incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular
* 1.2.4 pre- (之前): preview, prepare, predict
* 1.2.5 dis- (否定/分离): disagree, disappear, dismiss
* 1.3 常见后缀 (Common Suffixes):
* 1.3.1 -tion/-sion (名词): nation, discussion, emotion
* 1.3.2 -able/-ible (形容词): readable, possible, accessible
* 1.3.3 -ly (副词): quickly, slowly, happily
* 1.3.4 -ness (名词): happiness, kindness, darkness
* 1.3.5 -ment (名词): agreement, development, government
2. 同义词/近义词辨析 (Synonyms & Similar Words)
* 2.1 重要动词 (Important Verbs):
* 2.1.1 say/tell/speak/talk
* 2.1.2 see/look/watch/notice/observe
* 2.1.3 use/utilize/employ/apply
* 2.1.4 think/believe/consider/suppose
* 2.2 重要形容词 (Important Adjectives):
* 2.2.1 important/significant/crucial/vital
* 2.2.2 good/nice/pleasant/wonderful
* 2.2.3 bad/terrible/awful/horrible
* 2.3 辨析方法 (Distinguishing Methods):
* 2.3.1 语境 (Context)
* 2.3.2 搭配 (Collocation)
* 2.3.3 感情色彩 (Emotional Color)
* 2.3.4 词语强度 (Intensity)
3. 固定搭配 (Collocations)
* 3.1 动词 + 名词 (Verb + Noun):
* make a decision, take a photo, pay attention
* 3.2 形容词 + 名词 (Adjective + Noun):
* strong feeling, great effort, serious problem
* 3.3 介词 + 名词 (Preposition + Noun):
* in danger, on purpose, at home
* 3.4 动词 + 副词 (Verb + Adverb):
* think carefully, speak loudly, run quickly
4. 核心词汇 (Core Vocabulary):
* 4.1 高频词汇 (High-Frequency Words):
* 《高中英语课程标准》词汇表
* 历年高考真题词汇
* 4.2 学科词汇 (Subject-Specific Words):
* 科学 (Science): hypothesis, experiment, theory
* 历史 (History): dynasty, revolution, era
* 文学 (Literature): metaphor, simile, narrative
* 地理 (Geography): climate, environment, population
二、语法 (Grammar)
1. 动词时态 (Verb Tenses)
* 1.1 一般现在时 (Simple Present): 习惯、真理
* 1.2 现在进行时 (Present Continuous): 正在发生
* 1.3 一般过去时 (Simple Past): 过去发生
* 1.4 过去进行时 (Past Continuous): 过去正在发生
* 1.5 现在完成时 (Present Perfect): 影响到现在
* 1.6 过去完成时 (Past Perfect): 过去之前的过去
* 1.7 一般将来时 (Simple Future): 将来发生
* 1.8 将来进行时 (Future Continuous): 将来正在发生
* 1.9 将来完成时 (Future Perfect): 将来之前完成
2. 动词语态 (Voice)
* 2.1 主动语态 (Active Voice)
* 2.2 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
* 2.2.1 各种时态的被动语态形式
3. 非谓语动词 (Non-finite Verbs)
* 3.1 不定式 (Infinitive): to do
* 3.1.1 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
* 3.2 动名词 (Gerund): doing
* 3.2.1 作主语、宾语、表语
* 3.3 分词 (Participle): doing/done
* 3.3.1 现在分词 (Present Participle): doing
* 3.3.2 过去分词 (Past Participle): done
* 3.3.3 作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语
4. 从句 (Clauses)
* 4.1 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses):
* 4.1.1 主语从句 (Subject Clause)
* 4.1.2 宾语从句 (Object Clause)
* 4.1.3 表语从句 (Predicate Clause)
* 4.1.4 同位语从句 (Appositive Clause)
* 4.2 定语从句 (Attributive Clauses):
* 4.2.1 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns): who, which, that
* 4.2.2 关系副词 (Relative Adverbs): when, where, why
* 4.3 状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses):
* 4.3.1 时间状语从句 (Time Clauses): when, while, as, before, after, until, since
* 4.3.2 条件状语从句 (Conditional Clauses): if, unless
* 4.3.3 原因状语从句 (Reason Clauses): because, as, since
* 4.3.4 目的状语从句 (Purpose Clauses): so that, in order that
* 4.3.5 结果状语从句 (Result Clauses): so...that, such...that
* 4.3.6 让步状语从句 (Concessive Clauses): although, though, even if/though
* 4.3.7 地点状语从句 (Place Clauses): where
5. 特殊句型 (Special Sentence Structures)
* 5.1 倒装句 (Inversion)
* 5.2 强调句 (Emphasis)
* 5.3 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)
* 5.4 祈使句 (Imperative Sentence)
* 5.5 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence)
三、阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)
1. 题型分类 (Question Types)
* 1.1 主旨大意题 (Main Idea Questions)
* 1.2 细节理解题 (Detail Questions)
* 1.3 推理判断题 (Inference Questions)
* 1.4 词义猜测题 (Vocabulary in Context Questions)
* 1.5 作者态度题 (Author's Attitude Questions)
2. 解题技巧 (Answering Techniques)
* 2.1 快速阅读 (Skimming & Scanning)
* 2.2 关键词定位 (Keyword Locating)
* 2.3 上下文推断 (Context Clues)
* 2.4 排除法 (Elimination Method)
* 2.5 注意陷阱 (Beware of Traps)
3. 阅读材料类型 (Reading Material Types)
* 3.1 记叙文 (Narrative)
* 3.2 说明文 (Expository)
* 3.3 议论文 (Argumentative)
* 3.4 应用文 (Practical Writing)
四、写作 (Writing)
1. 常用文体 (Common Writing Styles)
* 1.1 议论文 (Argumentative Essay)
* 1.2 说明文 (Expository Essay)
* 1.3 记叙文 (Narrative Essay)
* 1.4 应用文 (Practical Writing):
* 1.4.1 书信 (Letter)
* 1.4.2 邮件 (Email)
* 1.4.3 通知 (Notice)
* 1.4.4 申请信 (Application Letter)
2. 写作技巧 (Writing Techniques)
* 2.1 审题立意 (Understanding the Prompt)
* 2.2 结构框架 (Structure & Organization):
* 2.2.1 开头段 (Introduction)
* 2.2.2 中间段 (Body Paragraphs)
* 2.2.3 结尾段 (Conclusion)
* 2.3 语言表达 (Language & Expression):
* 2.3.1 多样化词汇 (Vocabulary Variety)
* 2.3.2 语法正确性 (Grammatical Accuracy)
* 2.3.3 句型变化 (Sentence Variety)
* 2.4 逻辑连贯 (Logical Coherence):
* 2.4.1 连接词 (Connectors)
* 2.4.2 过渡句 (Transition Sentences)
3. 常用表达 (Useful Expressions)
* 3.1 表达观点 (Expressing Opinions):
* In my opinion, From my perspective, As far as I am concerned
* 3.2 提出理由 (Giving Reasons):
* Firstly, Secondly, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition
* 3.3 举例说明 (Giving Examples):
* For example, For instance, Such as
* 3.4 得出结论 (Drawing Conclusions):
* In conclusion, To sum up, Therefore, Consequently
五、听力 (Listening)
1. 题型分类 (Question Types)
* 1.1 对话理解 (Dialogue Comprehension)
* 1.2 短文理解 (Passage Comprehension)
2. 听力技巧 (Listening Techniques)
* 2.1 预读选项 (Preview Options)
* 2.2 关键词捕捉 (Keyword Catching)
* 2.3 排除干扰 (Eliminating Distractors)
* 2.4 笔记技巧 (Note-Taking Skills)
3. 听力材料类型 (Listening Material Types)
* 3.1 日常对话 (Daily Conversations)
* 3.2 新闻报道 (News Reports)
* 3.3 讲座 (Lectures)
* 3.4 访谈 (Interviews)
