英语现在进行时的思维导图
《英语现在进行时的思维导图》
1. 核心概念 (Core Concept)
1.1 定义 (Definition)
- 描述现在正在发生的动作 (Describes actions happening now)
- 强调动作的持续性 (Emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action)
- 与“现在”这个时间点有关联 (Connected to the present moment)
1.2 构成 (Structure)
be (am/is/are) + verb-ing (辅助动词 be 的现在时 + 动词的现在分词)am: 用于第一人称单数 (I am)is: 用于第三人称单数 (He/She/It is)are: 用于第二人称单数/复数及第一人称复数/第三人称复数 (You/We/They are)
1.3 用途 (Usage)
- 正在进行的动作 (Actions happening at the moment of speaking): 描述说话时正在发生的动作，强调当下性。 例如：I am writing this essay.
- 临时性行为 (Temporary actions): 描述一段时间内持续的，但不是永久性的行为。例如：He is staying at a hotel while his house is being renovated.
- 计划好的将来动作 (Planned future actions): 用于表示已经安排好的将来动作，通常伴随时间状语。例如: I am meeting John tomorrow.
- 反复出现的行为 (Repeated actions causing annoyance): 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表达说话人对某种反复出现行为的不满或厌烦。例如: He is always complaining.
- 趋势或变化 (Trends or changes): 描述正在发生的变化或趋势。例如: The climate is changing rapidly.
2. 语法规则 (Grammar Rules)
2.1 动词-ing形式的构成 (Formation of -ing Form)
- 一般情况 (General rule): 直接在动词后加 -ing。 例如: play -> playing, work -> working
- 以不发音的 e 结尾 (Ending in silent e): 去掉 e 再加 -ing。 例如: come -> coming, write -> writing, take -> taking
- 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 (One-syllable verb ending in a consonant after a stressed vowel): 双写辅音字母，再加 -ing。 例如: run -> running, swim -> swimming, sit -> sitting
- 以一个 l 结尾的动词 (Verb ending in l): 在英式英语中双写 l，美式英语中不双写。 例如: travel -> travelling/traveling, signal -> signalling/signaling
- 以 ie 结尾 (Ending in ie): 将 ie 改为 y 再加 -ing。 例如: lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying
2.2 否定形式 (Negative Form)
be (am/is/are) + not + verb-ing- 例如: I am not working. He is not playing. They are not studying.
isn't 和 aren't 是 is not 和 are not 的缩写。
2.3 疑问形式 (Interrogative Form)
- 将
be 动词提到主语之前。
Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?- 例如: Are you listening? Is he eating? Am I bothering you?
- 简短回答: Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
3. 常见误用 (Common Mistakes)
3.1 状态动词 (Stative Verbs)
- 概念 (Concept): 表示状态、感觉、知觉、思想等的动词，通常不用于进行时。
- 例子 (Examples):
- 表示感觉 (Senses): see, hear, smell, taste, feel
- 表示思想 (Thinking): know, believe, understand, remember, forget, think (表示“认为”时)
- 表示情感 (Emotions): love, hate, like, dislike, want, need
- 表示占有 (Possession): have, own, possess
- 其他 (Others): seem, appear, belong, cost, consist
- 注意 (Note): 有些状态动词在特定语境下可以用于进行时，但意义会发生变化。 例如:
think (思考) - I am thinking about the problem. (我在思考这个问题)see (约会) - I am seeing him tonight. (我今晚要和他见面)taste (品尝) - He is tasting the soup. (他在品尝汤)
3.2 与将来时的混淆 (Confusion with Future Tense)
- 现在进行时表示计划好的将来，但必须有明确的时间状语，以示区别于一般将来时。
- 例如: I am going to the cinema tomorrow. (√) I am going to the cinema. (表达不清晰，最好用一般将来时 I will go to the cinema.)
3.3 时态一致性 (Tense Consistency)
- 在复合句中，要注意时态一致性。
- 例如: He said he was working late. (√) He said he is working late. (×)
4. 常用时间状语 (Common Time Adverbs)
- now: 现在
- at the moment: 此时此刻
- at present: 目前
- right now: 立即
- these days: 这些天
- this week/month/year: 这周/月/年
- today: 今天
5. 练习 (Practice)
5.1 句子改错 (Sentence Correction)
- I am knowing the answer. (×) -> I know the answer. (√)
- He is having a car. (×) -> He has a car. (√)
- They are liking the movie. (×) -> They like the movie. (√)
5.2 句子翻译 (Sentence Translation)
- 我正在学习英语。 -> I am learning English.
- 他们正在看电视。 -> They are watching TV.
- 他正在做饭。 -> He is cooking.
5.3 填空练习 (Fill in the Blanks)
- She __ (read) a book at the moment. -> She is reading a book at the moment.
- We __ (not/go) to the park today. -> We are not going to the park today.
- __ you __ (listen) to me? -> Are you listening to me?
