关于时态的思维导图
《关于时态的思维导图》
一、现在时 (Present Tense)
1. 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)
1.1. 用途
- 1.1.1. 经常发生的动作/习惯: 例如：I brush my teeth every morning.
- 1.1.2. 普遍真理/事实: 例如：The sun rises in the east.
- 1.1.3. 固定的时间表/计划: 例如：The train leaves at 10 a.m.
- 1.1.4. 引用/陈述: 例如：Shakespeare writes, "To be or not to be."
1.2. 结构
- 1.2.1. 主语 + 动词原形 (I/You/We/They): 例如：They play football.
- 1.2.2. 主语 + 动词第三人称单数 (He/She/It): 例如：He plays football.
1.3. 时间状语
- 1.3.1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day/week/month/year等.
2. 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
2.1. 用途
- 2.1.1. 正在发生的动作: 例如：I am reading a book right now.
- 2.1.2. 临时的活动/状态: 例如：She is staying at a hotel.
- 2.1.3. 计划好的将来事件 (表示肯定会发生): 例如：We are going to the cinema tonight.
- 2.1.4. 经常发生的行为（通常带有负面情绪，如抱怨）: 例如：He is always complaining.
2.2. 结构
- 2.2.1. 主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + 动词现在分词 (V-ing): 例如：They are playing football.
2.3. 时间状语
- 2.3.1. 表示现在的词语: now, at the moment, right now, these days.
3. 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
3.1. 用途
- 3.1.1. 过去发生，但与现在有关的动作/状态: 例如：I have lost my keys (现在没钥匙了).
- 3.1.2. 过去开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能继续下去的动作/状态: 例如：They have lived here for 10 years (现在还住在这里).
- 3.1.3. 发生在过去，但时间不确定的动作: 例如：I have seen that movie.
- 3.1.4. 最近完成的动作/状态: 例如：She has just finished her work.
3.2. 结构
- 3.2.1. 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (V-ed / 第3种形式): 例如：They have played football.
3.3. 时间状语
- 3.3.1. 强调持续时间: for, since.
- 3.3.2. 强调经验: ever, never, before.
- 3.3.3. 强调最近发生: just, recently, lately.
- 3.3.4. 与完成相关的词语: yet, already.
4. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
4.1. 用途
- 4.1.1. 过去开始，持续到现在，并且可能继续下去的动作，强调动作的持续性: 例如：I have been studying English for 5 years.
- 4.1.2. 强调动作造成的影响/结果: 例如：He has been running, so he is tired.
4.2. 结构
- 4.2.1. 主语 + have/has + been + 动词现在分词 (V-ing): 例如：They have been playing football.
4.3. 时间状语
- 4.3.1. 强调持续时间: for, since.
二、过去时 (Past Tense)
1. 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)
1.1. 用途
- 1.1.1. 过去发生的动作/状态: 例如：I visited Paris last year.
- 1.1.2. 过去经常发生的动作/习惯 (现在不再发生): 例如：I played the piano when I was young.
- 1.1.3. 过去的时间段内存在的状态: 例如：He lived in London for 5 years.
1.2. 结构
- 1.2.1. 主语 + 动词过去式 (V-ed / 第2种形式): 例如：They played football yesterday.
1.3. 时间状语
- 1.3.1. 过去的时间: yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in + 过去年份.
2. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)
2.1. 用途
- 2.1.1. 过去某个时间点正在发生的动作: 例如：I was watching TV at 8 p.m. last night.
- 2.1.2. 两个动作同时发生: I was cooking while he was reading a book.
- 2.1.3. 描述背景: The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
- 2.1.4. 过去重复发生的行为 (通常带有抱怨的意味): He was always interrupting me.
2.2. 结构
- 2.2.1. 主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 (V-ing): 例如：They were playing football.
2.3. 时间状语
- 2.3.1. 过去的时间点: at that time, at 8 p.m. last night.
- 2.3.2. 连词: while, as.
3. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)
3.1. 用途
- 3.1.1. 表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作: 例如：I had finished my work before he arrived.
3.2. 结构
- 3.2.1. 主语 + had + 动词过去分词 (V-ed / 第3种形式): 例如：They had played football.
3.3. 时间状语
- 3.3.1. before, after, by the time, when, as soon as, until, till.
4. 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
4.1. 用途
- 4.1.1. 表示在过去某个时间点之前已经开始，并持续到那个时间点的动作，强调动作的持续性: 例如：I had been studying English for 5 years before I moved to London.
4.2. 结构
- 4.2.1. 主语 + had + been + 动词现在分词 (V-ing): 例如：They had been playing football.
4.3. 时间状语
- 4.3.1. 强调持续时间: for, since, before.
三、将来时 (Future Tense)
1. 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)
1.1. 用途
- 1.1.1. 将来将要发生的动作/事件: 例如：I will go to the cinema tomorrow.
- 1.1.2. 预测: It will rain tomorrow.
- 1.1.3. 意愿: I will help you.
1.2. 结构
- 1.2.1. 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形: 例如：They will play football tomorrow. (Shall用于第一人称，但will更常用)
- 1.2.2. be going to + 动词原形: I am going to visit Paris next year (表示计划好的将来事件).
1.3. 时间状语
- 1.3.1. 将来的时间: tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon.
2. 将来进行时 (Future Continuous Tense)
2.1. 用途
- 2.1.1. 将来某个时间点正在进行的动作: 例如：I will be watching TV at 8 p.m. tomorrow.
2.2. 结构
- 2.2.1. 主语 + will/shall + be + 动词现在分词 (V-ing): 例如：They will be playing football.
2.3. 时间状语
- 2.3.1. 将来的时间点: at that time tomorrow, at 8 p.m. tomorrow.
3. 将来完成时 (Future Perfect Tense)
3.1. 用途
- 3.1.1. 将来某个时间点之前将会完成的动作: 例如：I will have finished my work by the end of the month.
3.2. 结构
- 3.2.1. 主语 + will/shall + have + 动词过去分词 (V-ed / 第3种形式): 例如：They will have played football.
3.3. 时间状语
- 3.3.1. by + 将来时间点, by the end of next year.
4. 将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous Tense)
4.1. 用途
- 4.1.1. 表示到将来某个时间点为止，一直持续进行的动作: 例如：By the end of next year, I will have been studying English for 10 years.
4.2. 结构
- 4.2.1. 主语 + will/shall + have + been + 动词现在分词 (V-ing): 例如：They will have been playing football.
4.3. 时间状语
- 4.3.1. by + 将来时间点, emphasizing duration with "for" or "since."
