《六年级重点句子和字词的英语思维导图》

I. 字词 Vocabulary

A. 名词 Nouns

• 1. School Life:
  • School Subjects: English, Math, Science, History, Geography, P.E., Music, Art, Computer Studies
    • Related Verbs: study, learn, teach, practice
    • Related Adjectives: interesting, difficult, easy, boring, important
  • School Facilities: classroom, library, playground, canteen, gym, computer room, science lab, office
    • Related Phrases: in the classroom, at the library, on the playground, go to the canteen
  • School Activities: lesson, exam, test, sports day, school trip, club, meeting, project
    • Related Verbs: take, pass, fail, join, organize, participate
• 2. Family and Friends:
  • Family Members: mother, father, brother, sister, grandparents, cousin, aunt, uncle
    • Related Adjectives: loving, caring, helpful, supportive, kind
    • Related Verbs: love, help, support, care for
  • Friends: friend, classmate, neighbour, teammate
    • Related Adjectives: friendly, trustworthy, loyal, honest, fun
    • Related Verbs: play, talk, share, help, meet
  • Relationships: relationship, friendship, family tie
    • Related Adjectives: strong, close, healthy, important
• 3. Food and Drink:
  • Fruits: apple, banana, orange, grape, strawberry, watermelon
    • Related Adjectives: sweet, sour, juicy, delicious, fresh
  • Vegetables: carrot, tomato, cucumber, potato, onion, broccoli
    • Related Adjectives: healthy, nutritious, green, fresh
  • Meat and Fish: chicken, beef, pork, fish, shrimp
    • Related Verbs: cook, eat, fry, bake, grill
  • Drinks: water, juice, milk, tea, coffee, soda
    • Related Verbs: drink, pour, mix
• 4. Places and Directions:
  • Places in Town: school, hospital, shop, park, restaurant, cinema, post office, bank
    • Related Prepositions: in, at, near, beside, opposite
  • Directions: north, south, east, west, left, right, straight ahead
    • Related Phrases: turn left, turn right, go straight, walk along
• 5. Hobbies and Interests:
  • Activities: reading, writing, playing sports, drawing, painting, listening to music, watching movies, collecting stamps, playing games
    • Related Verbs: enjoy, like, love, hate, practice
    • Related Adjectives: interesting, relaxing, fun, creative, challenging

B. 动词 Verbs

• 1. Common Actions: eat, drink, sleep, study, work, play, go, come, see, hear, speak, write, read, think, feel
  • Tenses: present simple, present continuous, past simple, future simple
  • Forms: infinitive, gerund, past participle
• 2. Helping Verbs: be, have, do
  • Uses: forming tenses, asking questions, making negatives
• 3. Modal Verbs: can, could, should, must, may, might, will, would
  • Uses: expressing ability, giving advice, expressing obligation, asking permission, making predictions

C. 形容词 Adjectives

• 1. Describing People: tall, short, fat, thin, beautiful, handsome, young, old, kind, honest, brave, clever, funny
  • Comparative and Superlative Forms: taller, the tallest, more beautiful, the most beautiful
• 2. Describing Things: big, small, long, short, new, old, good, bad, expensive, cheap, heavy, light
  • Comparative and Superlative Forms: bigger, the biggest, more expensive, the most expensive
• 3. Describing Feelings: happy, sad, angry, excited, bored, tired, surprised, scared

D. 副词 Adverbs

• 1. Adverbs of Manner: quickly, slowly, carefully, loudly, quietly, happily, sadly
  • Formation: usually add -ly to adjectives
• 2. Adverbs of Time: now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, late, early
• 3. Adverbs of Place: here, there, everywhere, nowhere, up, down
• 4. Adverbs of Frequency: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

II. 重点句子 Sentence Patterns

A. 基本句型 Basic Sentence Structures

• 1. Subject + Verb (S+V): Birds sing. He runs.
  • Variations: adding adverbs of manner, time, and place
• 2. Subject + Verb + Object (S+V+O): She reads a book. I like ice cream.
  • Variations: different types of objects (direct, indirect)
• 3. Subject + Verb + Complement (S+V+C): He is a teacher. She seems happy.
  • Types of Complements: nouns, adjectives
• 4. Subject + Verb + Adverbial (S+V+A): They live in London. We study hard.
  • Types of Adverbials: prepositional phrases, adverbs of time, place, and manner

B. 复杂句型 Complex Sentence Structures

• 1. Compound Sentences: two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet)
  • Example: I like apples, but I don't like oranges.
• 2. Complex Sentences: one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
  • a. Adjective Clauses (Relative Clauses): used to describe nouns
    • Relative Pronouns: who, which, that, whom, whose
    • Example: The man who lives next door is a doctor.
  • b. Adverb Clauses: used to modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs
    • Common Conjunctions: because, although, if, when, where, while, as, before, after, until, since
    • Example: I stayed home because it was raining.
  • c. Noun Clauses: used as subjects, objects, or complements
    • Common Conjunctions/Pronouns: that, what, who, where, when, why, how, whether, if
    • Example: I don't know what he wants.

C. 特殊句型 Special Sentence Structures

• 1. Questions: using different question words (who, what, where, when, why, how)
  • Examples: What is your name? Where do you live?
• 2. Imperative Sentences: giving commands or making requests
  • Examples: Close the door. Please be quiet.
• 3. Exclamatory Sentences: expressing strong feelings
  • Examples: What a beautiful day! How happy I am!
• 4. Passive Voice: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
  • Example: The book was written by him. (Active: He wrote the book.)
• 5. There be Sentences: used to indicate existence
  • Example: There is a book on the table.

III. 语法 Grammar Points

A. 时态 Tenses

• 1. Present Simple: used for habits, routines, and general truths
  • Example: I go to school every day.
• 2. Present Continuous: used for actions happening now or around now
  • Example: I am studying English now.
• 3. Past Simple: used for completed actions in the past
  • Example: I visited my grandparents yesterday.
• 4. Future Simple: used for predictions and future plans
  • Example: I will go to the park tomorrow.

B. 冠词 Articles

• 1. Definite Article (the): used to refer to specific nouns
• 2. Indefinite Articles (a, an): used to refer to non-specific nouns
  • A is used before consonant sounds, and an is used before vowel sounds.

C. 数词 Numbers

• 1. Cardinal Numbers: one, two, three, etc.
• 2. Ordinal Numbers: first, second, third, etc.

D. 介词 Prepositions

• 1. Prepositions of Place: in, on, at, under, over, beside, between, behind, in front of
• 2. Prepositions of Time: at, on, in, before, after, during, until, since, for
• 3. Prepositions of Movement: to, from, into, out of, through, across, along, around

E. 连词 Conjunctions

• 1. Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
• 2. Subordinating Conjunctions: because, although, if, when, where, while, as, before, after, until, since

This outline provides a comprehensive overview of key vocabulary, sentence patterns, and grammar points relevant for sixth-grade English. Remember to practice regularly to improve your English skills.