《动物园英语思维导图》

中心主题：Zoo Animals (动物园动物)

I. Mammals (哺乳动物)

• A. Primates (灵长类动物)

  • 1. Monkeys (猴子)
       • a. Types (种类):
         • i. Macaque (猕猴): intelligent, social, eats fruit and insects (聪明，社交性强，吃水果和昆虫)
         • ii. Spider Monkey (蜘蛛猴): long limbs, prehensile tail, arboreal (长肢，缠绕尾，树栖)
         • iii. Howler Monkey (吼猴): loudest land animal, vocal communication (陆地上叫声最大的动物，声音交流)
       • b. Characteristics (特征):
         • i. Opposable thumbs (对生拇指)
         • ii. Social behavior (社会行为)
         • iii. High intelligence (高智商)
  • 2. Apes (猿)
       • a. Types (种类):
         • i. Gorilla (大猩猩): largest primate, herbivorous, lives in groups (最大的灵长类动物，草食性，群居)
         • ii. Chimpanzee (黑猩猩): intelligent, tool use, omnivorous (聪明，会使用工具，杂食性)
         • iii. Orangutan (猩猩): arboreal, solitary, reddish-brown fur (树栖，独居，红棕色皮毛)
       • b. Characteristics (特征):
         • i. No tail (无尾)
         • ii. Complex social structures (复杂的社会结构)
         • iii. Advanced cognitive abilities (高级认知能力)

• B. Felines (猫科动物)

  • 1. Big Cats (大型猫科动物)
       • a. Types (种类):
         • i. Lion (狮子): lives in prides, king of the jungle, male has mane (群居，丛林之王，雄性有鬃毛)
         • ii. Tiger (老虎): solitary hunter, striped fur, powerful swimmer (单独狩猎，条纹皮毛，游泳健将)
         • iii. Leopard (豹): spotted fur, agile climber, nocturnal (斑点皮毛，敏捷的攀爬者，夜行动物)
         • iv. Jaguar (美洲虎): similar to leopard, stronger bite, found in Americas (类似于豹，咬合力更强，分布在美洲)
       • b. Characteristics (特征):
         • i. Sharp claws and teeth (锋利的爪子和牙齿)
         • ii. Excellent night vision (极佳的夜视能力)
         • iii. Powerful hunters (强大的猎手)

• C. Ungulates (有蹄类动物)

  • 1. Herbivores (草食动物)
       • a. Types (种类):
         • i. Zebra (斑马): striped coat, lives in herds, grazes on grass (条纹外套，群居，以草为食)
         • ii. Giraffe (长颈鹿): tallest mammal, long neck, eats leaves (最高的哺乳动物，长脖子，吃树叶)
         • iii. Rhinoceros (犀牛): thick skin, horn on nose, endangered species (厚厚的皮肤，鼻子上有角，濒危物种)
         • iv. Hippopotamus (河马): semi-aquatic, large size, aggressive (半水生，体型巨大，具有攻击性)
       • b. Characteristics (特征):
         • i. Hooves (蹄)
         • ii. Herbivorous diet (草食性饮食)
         • iii. Often live in herds (通常群居)

• D. Others (其他)

  • 1. Elephant (大象): largest land animal, trunk, tusks, intelligent (最大的陆地动物，鼻子长，有象牙，聪明)
  • 2. Bear (熊): omnivorous, hibernate, powerful claws (杂食性，冬眠，强大的爪子)
  • 3. Wolf (狼): social animal, hunts in packs, howls (社会性动物，成群狩猎，嚎叫)

II. Birds (鸟类)

• A. Flightless Birds (不会飞的鸟)

  • 1. Ostrich (鸵鸟): largest bird, fast runner, lives in Africa (最大的鸟，跑得快，生活在非洲)
  • 2. Penguin (企鹅): lives in Antarctica, swims well, flightless (生活在南极洲，游泳健将，不会飞)
  • 3. Emu (鸸鹋): native to Australia, large bird, long legs (原产于澳大利亚，大型鸟类，长腿)

• B. Raptors (猛禽)

  • 1. Eagle (鹰): powerful bird of prey, sharp talons, keen eyesight (强大的猛禽，锋利的爪子，敏锐的视力)
  • 2. Hawk (隼): smaller than eagle, fast flyer, hunts small animals (比鹰小，飞行速度快，捕猎小型动物)
  • 3. Owl (猫头鹰): nocturnal hunter, silent flight, rotates head (夜间猎手，飞行无声，头部可旋转)

• C. Waterfowl (水禽)

  • 1. Duck (鸭子): swims well, webbed feet, eats aquatic plants (游泳健将，蹼足，吃水生植物)
  • 2. Swan (天鹅): graceful, long neck, white feathers (优雅，长脖子，白色羽毛)
  • 3. Pelican (鹈鹕): large beak with pouch, catches fish (大喙，有囊袋，捕鱼)

• D. Colorful Birds (色彩艳丽的鸟类)

  • 1. Parrot (鹦鹉): colorful feathers, imitates sounds, intelligent (色彩艳丽的羽毛，模仿声音，聪明)
  • 2. Flamingo (火烈鸟): pink feathers, filter feeder, lives in flocks (粉红色羽毛，滤食性动物，群居)
  • 3. Peacock (孔雀): male has colorful tail feathers, displays for mating (雄性有色彩艳丽的尾羽，用于求偶炫耀)

III. Reptiles (爬行动物)

• A. Snakes (蛇)

  • 1. Types (种类):
       • a. Python (蟒蛇): non-venomous, constrictor, large size (无毒，缢杀者，体型大)
       • b. Cobra (眼镜蛇): venomous, hooded neck, strikes quickly (有毒，颈部有帽状物，攻击速度快)
       • c. Rattlesnake (响尾蛇): venomous, rattles its tail, warns of danger (有毒，摇动尾巴，警告危险)
  • 2. Characteristics (特征):
       • a. Scaly skin (鳞状皮肤)
       • b. No legs (无腿)
       • c. Some are venomous (有些有毒)

• B. Lizards (蜥蜴)

  • 1. Types (种类):
       • a. Iguana (鬣蜥): herbivorous, arboreal, spiny back (草食性，树栖，背部有刺)
       • b. Chameleon (变色龙): changes color, prehensile tail, slow moving (改变颜色，缠绕尾，行动缓慢)
       • c. Gecko (壁虎): adhesive toes, climbs walls, nocturnal (粘性脚趾，攀爬墙壁，夜行动物)
  • 2. Characteristics (特征):
       • a. Scaly skin (鳞状皮肤)
       • b. Four legs (四条腿)
       • c. Can regenerate tail (可以再生尾巴)

• C. Crocodilians (鳄鱼)

  • 1. Crocodile (鳄鱼): aggressive, powerful jaws, ambush predator (具有攻击性，强大的下颚，伏击捕食者)
  • 2. Alligator (短吻鳄): broader snout than crocodile, less aggressive (口鼻部比鳄鱼宽，攻击性较弱)
  • 3. Caiman (凯门鳄): smaller than crocodile and alligator, found in South America (比鳄鱼和短吻鳄小，分布在南美洲)
  • 4. Characteristics (特征):
       • a. Scaly skin (鳞状皮肤)
       • b. Powerful jaws (强大的下颚)
       • c. Semi-aquatic (半水生)

• D. Turtles and Tortoises (乌龟和陆龟)

  • 1. Turtle (水龟): aquatic, streamlined shell, webbed feet (水生，流线型外壳，蹼足)
  • 2. Tortoise (陆龟): terrestrial, dome-shaped shell, strong legs (陆生，圆顶型外壳，强壮的腿)
  • 3. Characteristics (特征):
       • a. Shell protects body (外壳保护身体)
       • b. Slow moving (行动缓慢)
       • c. Long lifespan (寿命长)

IV. Amphibians (两栖动物)

• A. Frogs (青蛙)

  • 1. Types (种类):
       • a. Tree Frog (树蛙): arboreal, adhesive toe pads, bright colors (树栖，粘性脚趾垫，颜色鲜艳)
       • b. Poison Dart Frog (箭毒蛙): brightly colored, poisonous skin, small size (颜色鲜艳，皮肤有毒，体型小)
  • 2. Characteristics (特征):
       • a. Smooth, moist skin (光滑，湿润的皮肤)
       • b. Long legs for jumping (用于跳跃的长腿)
       • c. Metamorphosis (变态发育)

• B. Salamanders (蝾螈)

  • 1. Types (种类):
       • a. Newt (蝾螈): aquatic or semi-aquatic, slender body, smooth skin (水生或半水生，苗条的身体，光滑的皮肤)
       • b. Axolotl (墨西哥钝口螈): neotenic, retains larval features, lives in water (幼态延续，保留幼虫特征，生活在水中)
  • 2. Characteristics (特征):
       • a. Long, slender body (细长的身体)
       • b. Short legs (短腿)
       • c. Can regenerate limbs (可以再生肢体)

V. Vocabulary (词汇)

• Habitat (栖息地)
• Diet (饮食)
• Predator (捕食者)
• Prey (猎物)
• Endangered (濒危的)
• Extinct (灭绝的)
• Conservation (保护)
• Enclosure (围栏)
• Species (物种)
• Genus (属)
• Classification (分类)
• Adaptation (适应)
• Nocturnal (夜间的)
• Diurnal (白天的)
• Omnivore (杂食动物)
• Herbivore (草食动物)
• Carnivore (肉食动物)

VI. Zoo Activities (动物园活动)

• Animal Feeding (动物喂食)
• Educational Talks (教育讲座)
• Guided Tours (导游讲解)
• Photography (摄影)
• Volunteer Opportunities (志愿者机会)
• Conservation Programs (保护项目)
• Breeding Programs (繁殖项目)