北京版四年级英语思维导图

《北京版四年级英语思维导图》

一、核心语法框架

• 名词 (Nouns):

  • 可数名词:
    • 单数 & 复数: 规则复数（-s, -es）、不规则复数（man-men, child-children）、名词所有格 ('s)
    • 用法: 描述具体事物，表示数量。
    • 例子: book, pen, apple, dog, box, brush, glass, watch, baby, story, leaf, wolf, photo, piano, radio.
  • 不可数名词:
    • 常见类型: 液体（water, milk）、气体（air）、材料（wood, paper）、抽象概念（advice, happiness）。
    • 计量单位: a piece of cake, a glass of water, a cup of tea.
    • 用法: 描述无法直接计数的物质或概念。
    • 例子: water, milk, rice, sugar, salt, sand, money, news, information, furniture, weather, music.

• 代词 (Pronouns):

  • 人称代词:
    • 主格: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
    • 宾格: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.
    • 形容词性物主代词: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
    • 名词性物主代词: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.
    • 用法: 代替名词，避免重复。
  • 指示代词: this, that, these, those.
    • 用法: 指示人或物的位置远近。
  • 疑问代词: who, what, which.
    • 用法: 提出问题。

• 动词 (Verbs):

  • 系动词: be (am, is, are, was, were).
    • 用法: 连接主语和表语，表示状态或特征。
  • 实义动词: 具有实际意义的动词。
    • 及物动词: 后面需要接宾语。
    • 不及物动词: 后面不需要接宾语。
  • 情态动词: can, could, may, might, must, should.
    • 用法: 表示可能性、能力、义务等。
  • 动词时态:
    • 一般现在时: 表示经常性或习惯性动作，普遍真理。
    • 现在进行时: 表示现在正在发生的动作。
    • 一般过去时: 表示过去发生的动作。

• 形容词 (Adjectives):

  • 用法: 修饰名词，描述名词的特征。
  • 位置: 通常放在名词前，或者系动词后。
  • 例子: big, small, tall, short, beautiful, ugly, happy, sad, interesting, boring.

• 副词 (Adverbs):

  • 用法: 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
  • 常见类型: 时间副词 (now, yesterday, tomorrow)、地点副词 (here, there)、方式副词 (quickly, slowly)、程度副词 (very, quite, really)。
  • 例子: quickly, slowly, loudly, softly, carefully, happily, sadly, yesterday, today, tomorrow, here, there.

• 介词 (Prepositions):

  • 常见介词: in, on, at, to, from, for, with, by, under, over, near, behind, in front of, next to, between, among.
  • 用法: 表示时间、地点、方向、方式等关系。
  • 例子: in the box, on the table, at school, to the park, from China, for you, with me, by bus, under the tree.

• 连词 (Conjunctions):

  • 并列连词: and, but, or, so.
    • 用法: 连接并列的词语、短语或句子。
  • 从属连词: because, if, when, although.
    • 用法: 连接主句和从句。

二、高频词汇分类

• 动物 (Animals):

  • 家禽: chicken, duck, goose.
  • 宠物: dog, cat, bird, fish.
  • 野生动物: lion, tiger, elephant, monkey, bear, zebra, giraffe.
  • 昆虫: bee, butterfly, ant, spider, mosquito.

• 食物 (Food):

  • 水果: apple, banana, orange, grape, pear.
  • 蔬菜: carrot, potato, tomato, cucumber, cabbage.
  • 肉类: beef, pork, chicken, lamb.
  • 主食: rice, bread, noodles.
  • 饮料: water, milk, juice, tea, coffee.

• 交通工具 (Transportation):

  • 汽车: car, bus, taxi, truck.
  • 火车: train.
  • 飞机: airplane.
  • 自行车: bicycle.
  • 船: boat, ship.

• 地点 (Places):

  • 学校: school, classroom, library, playground.
  • 家庭: home, house, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, living room.
  • 城市: city, park, hospital, shop, restaurant, cinema.
  • 自然: mountain, river, sea, forest, lake.

• 人物 (People):

  • 家庭成员: father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother.
  • 职业: teacher, doctor, student, worker, farmer.
  • 朋友: friend, classmate.

• 衣物 (Clothes):

  • 上衣: shirt, T-shirt, coat, sweater, jacket.
  • 裤子: pants, shorts, jeans.
  • 裙子: skirt, dress.
  • 鞋子: shoes, socks, boots.

• 颜色 (Colors):

  • red, yellow, blue, green, black, white, brown, orange, purple, pink.

• 形状 (Shapes):

  • square, circle, triangle, rectangle.

• 数字 (Numbers):

  • one to one hundred.

三、主要课文主题与表达

• 自我介绍: Name, age, hobbies, family.

  • "My name is..."
  • "I am ... years old."
  • "I like..."
  • "I have a..."

• 描述人物: Appearance, personality.

  • "He/She is tall/short/thin/fat."
  • "He/She is kind/helpful/friendly/funny."

• 描述地点: Location, features.

  • "The school is near the park."
  • "There is a ... in the room."

• 描述日常活动: Daily routines, hobbies.

  • "I get up at..."
  • "I go to school at..."
  • "I play ... after school."

• 询问和给予信息: Asking questions, giving directions.

  • "What is this?"
  • "Where is the ...?"
  • "Go straight ahead. Then turn left/right."

• 表达喜好: Likes and dislikes.

  • "I like/love..."
  • "I don't like/hate..."

• 表达能力: Abilities.

  • "I can..."
  • "I can't..."

• 表达请求和建议: Requests and suggestions.

  • "Can I have...?"
  • "Let's..."
  • "You should..."

• 谈论过去发生的事情: Using past tense.

  • "I went to ... yesterday."
  • "I saw ... last week."

四、重要句型与表达

• What's your name? My name is...
• How old are you? I am ... years old.
• Where are you from? I am from...
• What do you like? I like...
• What do you want? I want...
• What is this? This is a...
• Where is...? It's in/on/under...
• Can you...? Yes, I can./No, I can't.
• Let's...
• What's the weather like today? It's sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy.
• I have a... He/She has a...
• Is there a...? Yes, there is./No, there isn't.
• Are there any...? Yes, there are./No, there aren't.
• How many...? There are...

五、学习策略与技巧

• 词汇记忆: 图像记忆、情景记忆、重复记忆、词根词缀记忆。
• 语法理解: 结合例句，理解语法规则的运用。
• 口语练习: 模仿录音、角色扮演、小组对话。
• 听力训练: 听儿歌、故事、简单的对话。
• 阅读理解: 阅读简单的故事、文章，找出关键信息。
• 写作练习: 写日记、描述图片、写短文。
• 利用资源: 使用英语学习软件、网站、APP，观看英语动画片、电影。
• 创造环境: 在日常生活中使用英语，与同学、老师、家长进行英语交流。

六、考试重点与难点

• 听力理解: 听懂简单的指令、对话、故事。
• 词汇运用: 正确拼写和使用常用词汇。
• 语法运用: 掌握基本语法规则，正确运用各种句型。
• 阅读理解: 理解简单的故事、文章，找出关键信息。
• 书面表达: 正确书写简单的句子、段落。
• 口语表达: 能够进行简单的自我介绍、描述事物、表达喜好等。

七、文化背景知识

• 节日: Christmas, Thanksgiving, Halloween, Easter.
• 食物: common English food like fish and chips, pizza, hamburgers etc.
• 生活习惯: greetings, table manners.
• 故事: familiar fairy tales such as Cinderella, Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood.