《英语疑问词思维导图》
中心主题：英语疑问词
一级分支：基本疑问词 (The WH- Questions)
- Who (谁)
- 功能：询问人
- 语法结构：Who + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- Who is that girl?
- Who are you looking for?
- Who painted this picture?
- 特殊情况：Who 作为主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
- Who knows the answer?
- Whom (谁，宾格)
- 功能：询问人，作为宾语
- 语法结构：Whom + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- Whom did you see yesterday?
- Whom are you going to invite?
- 注意：在口语中，Who 经常代替 Whom，但正式场合或写作中，使用 Whom 更规范。
- What (什么)
- 功能：询问事物、想法、行动、职业等
- 语法结构：What + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- What is your name?
- What are you doing?
- What is your job?
- 特殊用法：What…like，询问性质、特征
- What is the weather like today?
- Where (哪里)
- 功能：询问地点、位置
- 语法结构：Where + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- Where are you from?
- Where is the library?
- Where did you go on vacation?
- When (何时)
- 功能：询问时间
- 语法结构：When + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- When is your birthday?
- When will the meeting start?
- When did you arrive?
- Why (为什么)
- 功能：询问原因、理由
- 语法结构：Why + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- Why are you so sad?
- Why did you do that?
- Why is the sky blue?
- 常用回答方式：Because…
- How (如何)
- 功能：询问方式、方法、程度、健康状况等
- 语法结构：How + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- How are you?
- How did you do that?
- How much does it cost?
- 复合用法：
- How many (多少个)：询问可数名词的数量
- How much (多少钱/多少)：询问不可数名词的数量/价格
- How often (多久一次)：询问频率
- How long (多久)：询问时间长度
- How far (多远)：询问距离
- How old (多大)：询问年龄
二级分支：限定性疑问词
- Which (哪个)
- 功能：在几个选项中询问选择
- 语法结构：Which + 名词 + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- Which color do you like?
- Which book do you want to borrow?
- Which one is yours? (单独使用，省略名词)
- 与 What 的区别：Which 强调在限定范围内选择，What 范围更广。
- Whose (谁的)
- 功能：询问所有权
- 语法结构：Whose + 名词 + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- Whose car is this?
- Whose book is lying on the table?
- Whose is this? (单独使用，省略名词)
三级分支：其他疑问词 (与 How 组合)
- How many (多少个)
- 功能：询问可数名词的数量
- 语法结构：How many + 可数名词复数 + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- How many students are there in the class?
- How many apples do you want?
- How much (多少钱/多少)
- 功能：询问不可数名词的数量或价格
- 语法结构1：How much + 不可数名词 + 谓语/助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分？ (数量)
- 语法结构2：How much + is/does + it cost? (价格)
- 例子：
- How much water do you drink every day?
- How much is this shirt?
- How much does it cost to go to the zoo?
- How often (多久一次)
- 功能：询问频率
- 语法结构：How often + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分？
- 例子：
- How often do you go to the gym?
- How often does the bus come?
- How long (多久)
- 功能：询问时间长度
- 语法结构1：How long + does it take + to do something? (花费时间)
- 语法结构2：How long + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分？ (持续时间)
- 例子：
- How long does it take to get to the airport?
- How long have you been learning English?
- How far (多远)
- 功能：询问距离
- 语法结构：How far + is it + from A to B?
- 例子：
- How far is it from here to the train station?
- How far did you run?
- How old (多大)
- 功能：询问年龄
- 语法结构：How old + is + 主语?
- 例子：
- How old are you?
- How old is your brother?
四级分支：疑问词的特殊用法和注意事项
- 疑问词 + ever：加强语气，表示“究竟”、“到底”
- Who ever told you that? (究竟是谁告诉你的？)
- What ever are you doing? (你到底在做什么？)
- 疑问词 + else：询问“别的”、“其他的”
- Who else is coming to the party? (还有谁来参加聚会？)
- What else do you want to buy? (你还想买什么？)
- 注意语序：疑问词引导的疑问句，需要使用疑问句的语序 (倒装)。
- 间接疑问句：在陈述句中嵌入疑问句，需要使用陈述句语序 (不倒装)，并且需要连接词 (如 that, if, whether)或疑问词本身。
- I don't know what she wants. (我不知道她想要什么。)
- Can you tell me where the bank is? (你能告诉我银行在哪里吗？)
- 强调句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分
- It was John who broke the window. (是约翰打破了窗户。) （强调人，用who）
- It was yesterday that I met him. (我是昨天遇到他的。) （强调时间，用that）
这个思维导图涵盖了英语中常见的疑问词及其用法，并包含了一些特殊情况和注意事项，希望对理解和使用英语疑问词有所帮助。