《food食物思维导图简单》
中心主题:食物 (Food)
I. 食物种类 (Food Categories)
- A. 主要食物 (Staple Foods):
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- 谷物 (Grains):
- a. 大米 (Rice): 白米, 糙米, 糯米, 香米
- b. 小麦 (Wheat): 面粉, 全麦粉, 粗麦粉
- c. 玉米 (Corn): 甜玉米, 爆米花玉米, 玉米面
- d. 其他谷物 (Other Grains): 燕麦, 大麦, 黑麦, 藜麦, 高粱
- 谷物 (Grains):
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- 根茎类 (Root Vegetables):
- a. 土豆 (Potatoes): 红皮土豆, 黄皮土豆, 紫皮土豆
- b. 红薯 (Sweet Potatoes): 橙肉红薯, 白肉红薯
- c. 木薯 (Cassava)
- d. 山药 (Yams)
- 根茎类 (Root Vegetables):
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- 豆类 (Legumes):
- a. 大豆 (Soybeans): 黄豆, 黑豆, 青豆
- b. 扁豆 (Lentils): 红扁豆, 绿扁豆
- c. 鹰嘴豆 (Chickpeas)
- d. 菜豆 (Common Beans): 红豆, 黑豆, 花豆, 芸豆
- 豆类 (Legumes):
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- B. 蔬菜 (Vegetables):
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- 叶菜类 (Leafy Greens):
- a. 菠菜 (Spinach)
- b. 生菜 (Lettuce): 罗马生菜, 冰山生菜, 奶油生菜
- c. 甘蓝 (Kale)
- d. 卷心菜 (Cabbage): 白菜, 紫甘蓝
- 叶菜类 (Leafy Greens):
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- 根茎类蔬菜 (Root Vegetables):
- a. 胡萝卜 (Carrots)
- b. 萝卜 (Radishes): 白萝卜, 红萝卜
- c. 甜菜 (Beets)
- 根茎类蔬菜 (Root Vegetables):
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- 瓜果类蔬菜 (Fruit Vegetables):
- a. 西红柿 (Tomatoes)
- b. 黄瓜 (Cucumbers)
- c. 南瓜 (Squash): 冬南瓜, 奶油南瓜
- d. 辣椒 (Peppers): 甜椒, 辣椒
- 瓜果类蔬菜 (Fruit Vegetables):
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- 葱蒜类 (Allium Vegetables):
- a. 洋葱 (Onions): 黄洋葱, 红洋葱, 白洋葱
- b. 大蒜 (Garlic)
- c. 韭菜 (Leeks)
- 葱蒜类 (Allium Vegetables):
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- C. 水果 (Fruits):
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- 浆果 (Berries):
- a. 草莓 (Strawberries)
- b. 蓝莓 (Blueberries)
- c. 覆盆子 (Raspberries)
- d. 黑莓 (Blackberries)
- 浆果 (Berries):
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- 柑橘类 (Citrus Fruits):
- a. 橙子 (Oranges)
- b. 柠檬 (Lemons)
- c. 柚子 (Grapefruits)
- d. 柑橘 (Mandarins)
- 柑橘类 (Citrus Fruits):
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- 核果 (Stone Fruits):
- a. 桃子 (Peaches)
- b. 李子 (Plums)
- c. 樱桃 (Cherries)
- d. 杏 (Apricots)
- 核果 (Stone Fruits):
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- 热带水果 (Tropical Fruits):
- a. 芒果 (Mangoes)
- b. 香蕉 (Bananas)
- c. 菠萝 (Pineapples)
- d. 猕猴桃 (Kiwis)
- 热带水果 (Tropical Fruits):
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- D. 肉类 (Meat):
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- 红肉 (Red Meat):
- a. 牛肉 (Beef)
- b. 猪肉 (Pork)
- c. 羊肉 (Lamb)
- 红肉 (Red Meat):
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- 家禽 (Poultry):
- a. 鸡肉 (Chicken)
- b. 鸭肉 (Duck)
- c. 鹅肉 (Goose)
- 家禽 (Poultry):
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- 海鲜 (Seafood):
- a. 鱼类 (Fish): 三文鱼, 金枪鱼, 鳕鱼
- b. 贝类 (Shellfish): 虾, 螃蟹, 龙虾, 蛤蜊, 牡蛎
- 海鲜 (Seafood):
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- E. 乳制品 (Dairy):
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- 牛奶 (Milk): 全脂牛奶, 低脂牛奶, 脱脂牛奶
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- 奶酪 (Cheese): 切达奶酪, 马苏里拉奶酪, 帕尔马干酪
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- 酸奶 (Yogurt): 原味酸奶, 水果酸奶
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- 黄油 (Butter)
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II. 食物处理方式 (Food Processing Methods)
- A. 烹饪方式 (Cooking Methods):
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- 烘烤 (Baking)
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- 煎炸 (Frying)
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- 烧烤 (Grilling)
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- 蒸煮 (Steaming)
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- 炖煮 (Stewing)
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- 炒菜 (Stir-frying)
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- B. 保存方式 (Preservation Methods):
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- 冷藏 (Refrigeration)
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- 冷冻 (Freezing)
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- 腌制 (Pickling)
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- 干燥 (Drying)
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- 罐装 (Canning)
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- 发酵 (Fermentation)
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III. 食物营养 (Food Nutrition)
- A. 宏量营养素 (Macronutrients):
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- 碳水化合物 (Carbohydrates):
- a. 糖 (Sugars)
- b. 淀粉 (Starches)
- c. 纤维 (Fiber)
- 碳水化合物 (Carbohydrates):
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- 蛋白质 (Proteins):
- a. 必需氨基酸 (Essential Amino Acids)
- b. 非必需氨基酸 (Non-essential Amino Acids)
- 蛋白质 (Proteins):
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- 脂肪 (Fats):
- a. 饱和脂肪 (Saturated Fats)
- b. 不饱和脂肪 (Unsaturated Fats): 单不饱和脂肪, 多不饱和脂肪
- c. 反式脂肪 (Trans Fats)
- 脂肪 (Fats):
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- B. 微量营养素 (Micronutrients):
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- 维生素 (Vitamins): 维生素A, 维生素C, 维生素D, 维生素E, B族维生素
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- 矿物质 (Minerals): 钙, 铁, 钾, 镁, 锌
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- C. 其他营养物质 (Other Nutrients):
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- 水 (Water)
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- 抗氧化剂 (Antioxidants)
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- 植物化学物质 (Phytochemicals)
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IV. 食物与健康 (Food and Health)
- A. 健康饮食 (Healthy Eating):
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- 均衡饮食 (Balanced Diet)
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- 多样化饮食 (Diverse Diet)
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- 适量饮食 (Moderate Diet)
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- 限制加工食品 (Limit Processed Foods)
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- 增加蔬果摄入 (Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake)
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- B. 特定饮食 (Special Diets):
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- 素食 (Vegetarian): 纯素, 蛋奶素
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- 纯素食 (Vegan)
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- 生酮饮食 (Ketogenic Diet)
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- 地中海饮食 (Mediterranean Diet)
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- 无麸质饮食 (Gluten-Free Diet)
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- C. 食物过敏和不耐受 (Food Allergies and Intolerances):
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- 常见过敏原 (Common Allergens): 花生, 坚果, 牛奶, 鸡蛋, 大豆, 小麦, 鱼类, 贝类
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- 乳糖不耐受 (Lactose Intolerance)
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- D. 慢性疾病与饮食 (Chronic Diseases and Diet):
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- 糖尿病 (Diabetes)
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- 心血管疾病 (Cardiovascular Diseases)
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- 癌症 (Cancer)
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- 肥胖症 (Obesity)
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V. 食物文化 (Food Culture)
- A. 各国美食 (Cuisine of Different Countries):
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- 意大利 (Italian): 意大利面, 披萨, 烩饭
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- 法国 (French): 红酒炖牛肉, 可丽饼, 马卡龙
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- 中国 (Chinese): 炒饭, 饺子, 北京烤鸭
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- 日本 (Japanese): 寿司, 拉面, 天妇罗
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- 墨西哥 (Mexican): 墨西哥卷饼, 塔可, 墨西哥玉米片
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- B. 食物礼仪 (Food Etiquette):
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- 餐桌礼仪 (Table Manners)
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- 餐饮文化差异 (Cultural Differences in Dining)
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- C. 节庆食物 (Festival Foods):
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- 春节 (Spring Festival): 饺子, 年糕
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- 感恩节 (Thanksgiving): 火鸡, 南瓜派
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- 圣诞节 (Christmas): 姜饼, 圣诞布丁
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VI. 食物生产与可持续性 (Food Production and Sustainability)
- A. 农业 (Agriculture):
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- 有机农业 (Organic Farming)
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- 传统农业 (Conventional Farming)
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- 可持续农业 (Sustainable Agriculture)
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- B. 食品浪费 (Food Waste):
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- 家庭食物浪费 (Household Food Waste)
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- 零售食物浪费 (Retail Food Waste)
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- 生产食物浪费 (Production Food Waste)
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- 减少食物浪费的方法 (Methods to Reduce Food Waste)
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- C. 食品安全 (Food Safety):
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- 食品污染 (Food Contamination)
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- 食品卫生 (Food Hygiene)
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- 食品安全标准 (Food Safety Standards)
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- D. 食物供应链 (Food Supply Chain):
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- 生产 (Production)
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- 加工 (Processing)
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- 分销 (Distribution)
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- 零售 (Retail)
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- 消费 (Consumption)
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VII. 食物相关问题 (Food-Related Issues)
- A. 饥饿与营养不良 (Hunger and Malnutrition):
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- 全球饥饿问题 (Global Hunger Issues)
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- 营养不良的影响 (Effects of Malnutrition)
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- B. 食物价格上涨 (Rising Food Prices):
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- 影响因素 (Factors Influencing Food Prices)
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- 对消费者的影响 (Impact on Consumers)
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- C. 食品欺诈 (Food Fraud):
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- 食品掺假 (Food Adulteration)
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- 虚假标签 (False Labeling)
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This comprehensive food mind map provides a structured overview of various aspects related to food, including its categories, processing methods, nutritional value, connection to health, cultural significance, production, sustainability, and associated issues. It aims to be a valuable resource for understanding the multifaceted nature of food and its impact on our lives.