《三年级英语思维导图》

一、核心语法结构 (Core Grammar Structures)

• 1.1 名词 (Nouns):
  • 可数名词 (Countable Nouns):
    • 单数 (Singular): a/an + noun (e.g., a book, an apple)
    • 复数 (Plural):
      • 规则变化 (Regular Plural): -s (e.g., books, cats)
      • 不规则变化 (Irregular Plural): (e.g., child-children, man-men, foot-feet)
      • 名词词尾 -s, -sh, -ch, -x 加 -es (e.g., buses, dishes, churches, boxes)
      • 名词词尾辅音字母 + y 变 i 加 -es (e.g., baby-babies, city-cities)
      • 名词词尾 -f, -fe 变 v 加 -es (e.g., leaf-leaves, knife-knives, 但roofs, cliffs)
  • 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns):
    • 概念 (Concept): love, happiness
    • 物质 (Material): water, rice, sugar
    • 气体 (Gas): air, oxygen
    • 用量词表达: a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of (e.g., a piece of cake, a bottle of water)
• 1.2 动词 (Verbs):
  • Be 动词 (Be Verbs): am, is, are (现在时)
    • 用法:
      • 陈述事实 (Stating Facts): I am a student.
      • 描述状态 (Describing States): He is happy.
      • 表达身份 (Expressing Identity): They are teachers.
  • 行为动词 (Action Verbs): eat, play, read, write, jump, run
    • 第三人称单数现在时: he/she/it + verb-s/-es (e.g., He plays football. She eats an apple.)
  • 情态动词 (Modal Verbs): can
    • 用法:
      • 表达能力 (Expressing Ability): I can swim.
      • 表达允许 (Expressing Permission): Can I go to the toilet?
• 1.3 形容词 (Adjectives):
  • 作用: 修饰名词 (Modifying Nouns)
  • 位置: 名词前 (Before the Noun): a red car, a big house
  • 常见形容词: big, small, tall, short, happy, sad, beautiful, ugly, old, new
  • 比较级：
    • 规则变化：形容词词尾加 -er (e.g., taller, smaller)
    • 不规则变化：good - better, bad - worse
• 1.4 代词 (Pronouns):
  • 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns):
    • 主格 (Subject Pronouns): I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
    • 宾格 (Object Pronouns): me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
  • 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns):
    • 形容词性 (Possessive Adjectives): my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
    • 名词性 (Possessive Pronouns): mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
  • 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns): this, that, these, those
• 1.5 介词 (Prepositions):
  • 位置 (Location): in, on, under, near, behind, in front of, beside
  • 时间 (Time): at, on, in, before, after
  • 方向 (Direction): to, from, towards

二、常用句型 (Common Sentence Patterns)

• 2.1 陈述句 (Declarative Sentences):
  • 肯定句 (Affirmative Sentences): I have a book.
  • 否定句 (Negative Sentences): I do not (don't) have a book. / I am not a teacher.
• 2.2 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentences):
  • 一般疑问句 (General Questions): Do you have a book? Are you a teacher? (Yes/No 回答)
  • 特殊疑问句 (Wh- Questions):
    • What: What is your name?
    • Where: Where do you live?
    • Who: Who is he?
    • When: When is your birthday?
    • Why: Why are you sad?
    • How: How old are you?
    • How many/much: How many books do you have? How much water do you want?
• 2.3 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences):
  • 表达命令/请求 (Expressing Commands/Requests): Open the door. Please sit down. Don't run.
• 2.4 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences):
  • 表达强烈情感 (Expressing Strong Emotions): What a beautiful flower! How tall he is!

三、词汇主题 (Vocabulary Themes)

• 3.1 颜色 (Colors): red, blue, green, yellow, black, white, orange, purple, pink, brown
• 3.2 数字 (Numbers): one to twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred
• 3.3 家庭 (Family): father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, parents, children
• 3.4 动物 (Animals): cat, dog, bird, fish, lion, tiger, elephant, monkey, bear, rabbit, pig, cow, horse, sheep, duck, chicken
• 3.5 食物 (Food): rice, bread, meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, apple, banana, orange, pear, grapes, strawberry
• 3.6 身体部位 (Body Parts): head, face, eye, ear, nose, mouth, hand, arm, leg, foot
• 3.7 衣服 (Clothes): shirt, T-shirt, trousers, jeans, skirt, dress, coat, shoes, socks, hat
• 3.8 日常用品 (Daily Necessities): book, pen, pencil, ruler, bag, desk, chair, bed, telephone, computer
• 3.9 交通工具 (Transportation): car, bus, train, airplane, bicycle, ship
• 3.10 天气 (Weather): sunny, rainy, cloudy, windy, snowy, hot, cold, warm
• 3.11 时间 (Time): o'clock, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, morning, afternoon, evening, night, today, yesterday, tomorrow
• 3.12 季节 (Seasons): spring, summer, autumn (fall), winter
• 3.13 星期 (Days of the week): Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
• 3.14 职业 (Occupations): teacher, doctor, nurse, driver, farmer, policeman, firefighter

四、英语技能 (English Skills)

• 4.1 听力 (Listening):
  • 听懂指令 (Understanding Instructions): Listen and do.
  • 听懂对话 (Understanding Conversations): Short dialogues about daily life.
  • 辨别语音 (Distinguishing Sounds): Pronunciation of vowels and consonants.
• 4.2 口语 (Speaking):
  • 日常问候 (Daily Greetings): Hello, Goodbye, Good morning/afternoon/evening.
  • 自我介绍 (Self-Introduction): Name, age, hobbies.
  • 简单描述 (Simple Descriptions): Describing people, objects, and places.
  • 提问和回答 (Asking and Answering Questions): Using wh- questions.
• 4.3 阅读 (Reading):
  • 简单故事 (Simple Stories): Reading short stories with pictures.
  • 阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension): Answering questions about the stories.
  • 识别词汇 (Recognizing Vocabulary): Identifying words and their meanings.
• 4.4 写作 (Writing):
  • 写句子 (Writing Sentences): Using correct grammar and vocabulary.
  • 写短文 (Writing Short Paragraphs): Describing pictures or telling stories.
  • 书写规范 (Writing Conventions): Capitalization, punctuation.

五、文化意识 (Cultural Awareness)

• 5.1 节日 (Festivals): Christmas, Easter, Halloween, Thanksgiving
• 5.2 习俗 (Customs): Greetings, table manners, gift-giving
• 5.3 国家 (Countries): England, America, Canada, Australia
• 5.4 英语歌曲 (English Songs): Popular children's songs
• 5.5 英语故事 (English Stories): Classic fairy tales and stories

六、学习策略 (Learning Strategies)

• 6.1 单词记忆 (Vocabulary Memorization):
  • 闪卡 (Flashcards)
  • 歌曲和韵律 (Songs and Rhymes)
  • 情境联想 (Contextual Association)
• 6.2 语法学习 (Grammar Learning):
  • 图表 (Charts and Diagrams)
  • 游戏 (Games)
  • 练习 (Practice Exercises)
• 6.3 听说练习 (Listening and Speaking Practice):
  • 模仿 (Mimicking)
  • 角色扮演 (Role-Playing)
  • 小组活动 (Group Activities)
• 6.4 阅读写作练习 (Reading and Writing Practice):
  • 重复阅读 (Repeated Reading)
  • 模仿写作 (Imitation Writing)
  • 反馈 (Feedback)