初中英语代词思维导图
《初中英语代词思维导图》
一、 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)
1. 主格 (Subject Pronouns)
- 定义：用作句子的主语。
- 形式：
- 单数：
- 第一人称：I (我)
- 第二人称：you (你)
- 第三人称：he (他), she (她), it (它)
- 复数：
- 第一人称：we (我们)
- 第二人称：you (你们)
- 第三人称：they (他们/她们/它们)
- 用法示例：
- I am a student.
- You are my friend.
- He is tall.
- She is beautiful.
- It is a dog.
- We are happy.
- You are welcome.
- They are playing.
2. 宾格 (Object Pronouns)
- 定义：用作动词或介词的宾语。
- 形式：
- 单数：
- 第一人称：me (我)
- 第二人称：you (你)
- 第三人称：him (他), her (她), it (它)
- 复数：
- 第一人称：us (我们)
- 第二人称：you (你们)
- 第三人称：them (他们/她们/它们)
- 用法示例：
- She loves me.
- I like you.
- He helps him.
- They see her.
- We feed it.
- They help us.
- I see you.
- She teaches them.
3. 形容词性物主代词 (Possessive Adjectives)
- 定义：用来说明某物属于某人，必须放在名词前。
- 形式：
- 单数：
- 第一人称：my (我的)
- 第二人称：your (你的)
- 第三人称：his (他的), her (她的), its (它的)
- 复数：
- 第一人称：our (我们的)
- 第二人称：your (你们的)
- 第三人称：their (他们的/她们的/它们的)
- 用法示例：
- This is my book.
- Is this your pen?
- That is his car.
- This is her dress.
- The dog wagged its tail.
- This is our house.
- These are your toys.
- That is their school.
4. 名词性物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)
- 定义：用来说明某物属于某人，可以独立使用，代替名词。
- 形式：
- 单数：
- 第一人称：mine (我的)
- 第二人称：yours (你的)
- 第三人称：his (他的), hers (她的), its (无独立形式)
- 复数：
- 第一人称：ours (我们的)
- 第二人称：yours (你们的)
- 第三人称：theirs (他们的/她们的/它们的)
- 用法示例：
- This book is mine.
- Is this pen yours?
- That car is his.
- This dress is hers.
- This house is ours.
- These toys are yours.
- That school is theirs.
5. 反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)
- 定义：指回主语，表示“自己”，在句中作宾语或表语。
- 形式：
- 单数：
- 第一人称：myself (我自己)
- 第二人称：yourself (你自己)
- 第三人称：himself (他自己), herself (她自己), itself (它自己)
- 复数：
- 第一人称：ourselves (我们自己)
- 第二人称：yourselves (你们自己)
- 第三人称：themselves (他们自己/她们自己/它们自己)
- 用法示例：
- I hurt myself.
- You can do it yourself.
- He cut himself.
- She taught herself English.
- The cat cleaned itself.
- We can help ourselves.
- You should behave yourselves.
- They built the house themselves.
二、 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)
1. 单数 (Singular)
- this (这): 指示近处的人或物。
- that (那): 指示远处的人或物。
2. 复数 (Plural)
- these (这些): 指示近处的多个物。
- those (那些): 指示远处的多个物。
3. 用法示例：
- This is my book. (近处)
- That is her pen. (远处)
- These are my books. (近处，多个)
- Those are her pens. (远处，多个)
三、 疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)
- who (谁): 询问人。
- whom (谁): 询问作宾语的人（较正式）。
- whose (谁的): 询问所有者。
- what (什么): 询问事物。
- which (哪一个/哪些): 询问选择。
用法示例：
- Who is that girl?
- Whom did you see? (较正式，通常用who代替)
- Whose book is this?
- What is your name?
- Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
四、 不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns)
1. 表示“一些”：
- some (一些): 用于肯定句。
- any (任何/一些): 用于否定句和疑问句。
2. 表示“所有”：
- all (所有): 指三个或三个以上。
- both (两者): 指两个。
- every (每一个): 强调整体。
- each (每一个): 强调个体。
3. 表示“没有”：
- no (没有): 用于肯定句中，表达否定含义。
- none (没有一个): 代替不可数名词或复数可数名词。
- neither (两者都不): 指两个中没有一个。
4. 表示“其他”：
- other (其他的): 指其他。
- another (另一个): 指另外一个。
5. 表示“某人/某物”
- somebody/someone (某人)
- anybody/anyone (任何人)
- nobody/no one (没有人)
- everybody/everyone (每人)
- something (某事)
- anything (任何事)
- nothing (没事)
- everything (每件事)
用法示例：
- I have some books.
- Do you have any questions?
- I don't have any money.
- All the students are here.
- Both of my parents are teachers.
- Every student is required to attend.
- Each student received a prize.
- There is no water in the bottle.
- None of the students were absent.
- Neither of them came.
- I want the other book.
- I want another piece of cake.
- Somebody is knocking at the door.
- Is anybody home?
- Nobody knows the answer.
- Everybody likes ice cream.
- I have something to tell you.
- Do you need anything?
- There is nothing in the box.
- Everything is ready.
五、 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)
- who (谁): 代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中作主语。
- whom (谁): 代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中作宾语。
- whose (谁的): 代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中作定语。
- which (哪一个/哪些): 代替指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
- that (那): 可以代替指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(省略情况较多)。
用法示例：
- The man who is talking is my teacher.
- The man whom I saw yesterday is my uncle.
- The girl whose hair is long is my sister.
- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
- The man that I saw yesterday is my uncle. (也可以省略that)
