《英语三年级思维导图》

中心主题：三年级英语核心能力提升

一、词汇积累与应用 (Vocabulary Acquisition & Application)

• 主题分类词汇 (Thematic Vocabulary)

  • 家庭 (Family)
    • 成员：mother, father, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, aunt, uncle, cousin
    • 关系：family tree, relationship, parent, sibling
    • 句型应用：This is my mother. She is a teacher. He is my brother. He likes to play basketball.
  • 动物 (Animals)
    • 陆地动物：dog, cat, pig, cow, horse, sheep, lion, tiger, elephant, bear, fox, wolf, rabbit, mouse
    • 水生动物：fish, turtle, shark, dolphin, whale, octopus, starfish, seahorse
    • 鸟类：bird, chicken, duck, goose, parrot, eagle, owl, swan
    • 昆虫：bee, butterfly, ant, grasshopper, ladybug
    • 动物特征：big, small, long, short, fast, slow, strong, weak, cute, beautiful, ugly
    • 句型应用：A cat is small. It likes to drink milk. The elephant is big and strong. Birds can fly.
  • 食物 (Food)
    • 水果：apple, banana, orange, grape, pear, strawberry, watermelon, pineapple, peach
    • 蔬菜：carrot, tomato, potato, cucumber, onion, pepper, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli
    • 肉类：chicken, beef, pork, fish, lamb, duck
    • 主食：rice, bread, noodles, porridge
    • 饮料：milk, juice, water, tea, coffee
    • 口味：sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter
    • 句型应用：I like to eat apples. They are sweet. He wants to drink milk. She doesn't like spicy food.
  • 颜色 (Colors)
    • 基本颜色：red, yellow, blue, green, white, black, orange, purple, pink, brown
    • 颜色描述：light, dark, bright, pale
    • 句型应用：The apple is red. The sky is blue. My shirt is white. The grass is green.
  • 数字 (Numbers)
    • 1-100 (Cardinal Numbers): one, two, three...twenty, thirty...one hundred
    • 序数词 (Ordinal Numbers): first, second, third, fourth, fifth...
    • 日期：days of the week, months of the year
    • 时间：o'clock, half past, quarter past, quarter to
    • 句型应用：I have three apples. She is the first in the class. Today is Monday. It is three o'clock.

• 常用动词 (Common Verbs)

  • 动作动词：run, jump, walk, swim, fly, eat, drink, sleep, play, read, write, draw, sing, dance, speak, listen, watch
  • 系动词：be (am, is, are), seem, become, look, feel, taste, smell, sound
  • 助动词：do, does, did, can, could, will, would, should, may, might, must
  • 情态动词：can, could, will, would, should, may, might, must
  • 句型应用：I can run fast. She likes to read books. They are playing football. He is eating an apple.

• 形容词与副词 (Adjectives & Adverbs)

  • 形容词：big, small, tall, short, happy, sad, good, bad, beautiful, ugly, interesting, boring, fast, slow, hot, cold
  • 副词：quickly, slowly, happily, sadly, well, badly, carefully, loudly, quietly, very, really
  • 句型应用：The dog is big. She is a happy girl. He runs quickly. She sings beautifully.

二、语法基础 (Grammar Basics)

• 名词 (Nouns)

  • 可数名词 (Countable Nouns): singular and plural forms (e.g., apple/apples, book/books)
  • 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns): water, milk, rice, bread
  • 名词所有格 (Possessive Nouns): 's (e.g., Tom's book, the cat's tail)

• 代词 (Pronouns)

  • 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns): I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them
  • 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns): mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
  • 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns): this, that, these, those

• 动词时态 (Verb Tenses)

  • 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense): actions that happen regularly or are always true (e.g., I eat apples every day. The sun rises in the east.)
  • 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense): actions happening now (e.g., I am eating an apple. She is reading a book.)
  • 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense): actions that happened in the past (e.g., I ate an apple yesterday. He went to school last week.)

• 句子结构 (Sentence Structure)

  • 陈述句 (Declarative Sentences): subject + verb + (object/complement)
  • 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentences):
    • 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions): auxiliary verb + subject + verb + (object/complement)?
    • 特殊疑问句 (Wh- Questions): Wh- word + auxiliary verb + subject + verb + (object/complement)?
  • 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences): verb + (object/complement)
  • 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences): What/How + (adjective) + subject + verb!

• 介词 (Prepositions)

  • 地点介词 (Prepositions of Place): in, on, at, under, over, near, behind, in front of, next to, between
  • 时间介词 (Prepositions of Time): at, on, in, before, after
  • 方向介词 (Prepositions of Direction): to, from, into, out of, through, across, along

三、听力与口语 (Listening & Speaking)

• 听力理解 (Listening Comprehension)

  • 识别关键词 (Identifying keywords)
  • 理解简单指令 (Understanding simple instructions)
  • 捕捉对话信息 (Catching information in dialogues)
  • 听辨语音语调 (Distinguishing pronunciation and intonation)

• 口语表达 (Speaking Fluency)

  • 自我介绍 (Introducing oneself)
  • 描述图片 (Describing pictures)
  • 表达喜好 (Expressing likes and dislikes)
  • 简单对话 (Having simple conversations)
  • 复述故事 (Retelling stories)
  • 语音语调 (Pronunciation and intonation)

四、阅读与写作 (Reading & Writing)

• 阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)

  • 理解简单句子 (Understanding simple sentences)
  • 提取信息 (Extracting information)
  • 识别主题 (Identifying the main idea)
  • 推理判断 (Making inferences)

• 写作能力 (Writing Skills)

  • 写简单句子 (Writing simple sentences)
  • 填空练习 (Fill-in-the-blanks exercises)
  • 看图写话 (Writing based on pictures)
  • 写短文 (Writing short paragraphs)
  • 书写规范 (Writing neatly and correctly)

五、文化意识 (Cultural Awareness)

• 节日 (Festivals)

  • Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, Halloween, New Year's Day
  • 了解节日的习俗与庆祝方式 (Understanding customs and celebrations)

• 日常礼仪 (Daily Etiquette)

  • 问候语 (Greetings)
  • 感谢语 (Thanking)
  • 道歉语 (Apologizing)
  • 基本礼貌用语 (Basic polite expressions)

六、学习方法 (Learning Strategies)

• 自主学习 (Independent Learning)

  • 利用词典 (Using dictionaries)
  • 制定学习计划 (Making a study plan)
  • 复习笔记 (Reviewing notes)
  • 利用网络资源 (Using online resources)

• 合作学习 (Collaborative Learning)

  • 小组讨论 (Group discussions)
  • 角色扮演 (Role-playing)
  • 互助学习 (Peer tutoring)

• 学习习惯 (Study Habits)

  • 按时完成作业 (Completing homework on time)
  • 积极参与课堂 (Actively participating in class)
  • 认真听讲 (Listening attentively)
  • 勇于提问 (Asking questions)