《六年级上册英语第四单元圣诞节思维导图》

中心主题：Christmas (圣诞节)

I. Origins & History (起源与历史)

• A. Ancient Roots (古老根源)
  • 1. Pagan Festivals (异教节日): Winter Solstice (冬至), Yule (冬至节)
  • 2. Roman Saturnalia (罗马农神节): Feasting, gift-giving (宴饮，赠礼)
• B. Christian Influence (基督教影响)
  • 1. Birth of Jesus Christ (耶稣基督诞生): Biblical narratives (圣经故事), Nativity scene (耶稣诞生场景)
  • 2. Celebration of Christ's birth (庆祝耶稣诞辰): Religious ceremonies (宗教仪式), Church services (教堂礼拜)
• C. Saint Nicholas (圣尼古拉斯)
  • 1. Historical figure: Bishop of Myra (米拉主教), Generosity, acts of kindness (慷慨，善行)
  • 2. Evolution into Santa Claus (演变为圣诞老人): Dutch "Sinterklaas," American folklore (荷兰语“Sinterklaas”，美国民间传说)

II. Traditions & Customs (传统与习俗)

• A. Decorations (装饰)
  • 1. Christmas Tree (圣诞树): Evergreen tree (常青树), Decorated with lights, ornaments (灯饰，装饰品), Star/Angel on top (顶部是星星/天使)
  • 2. Christmas Lights (圣诞彩灯): Brightly colored lights (色彩鲜艳的灯饰), Outdoor displays (户外展示)
  • 3. Wreaths (花环): Hung on doors (挂在门上), Symbol of eternity (永恒的象征)
  • 4. Garlands (花环): Draped over mantels, staircases (披在壁炉架、楼梯上)
  • 5. Ornaments (装饰品): Balls, tinsel, figurines (球，金属箔条，小雕像)
• B. Gift-Giving (赠送礼物)
  • 1. Presents under the tree (树下的礼物): Wrapped gifts (包装好的礼物), Exchanged between family and friends (家人和朋友之间互赠)
  • 2. Stockings (袜子): Hung by the fireplace (挂在壁炉旁), Filled with small gifts, candy (装满小礼物、糖果)
  • 3. Secret Santa (秘密圣诞老人): Anonymous gift exchange (匿名礼物交换)
• C. Food & Drinks (食物和饮料)
  • 1. Christmas Dinner (圣诞晚餐): Turkey (火鸡), Ham (火腿), Stuffing (馅料), Cranberry sauce (蔓越莓酱), Mashed potatoes (土豆泥), Gravy (肉汁)
  • 2. Christmas Desserts (圣诞甜点): Christmas pudding (圣诞布丁), Mince pies (肉馅饼), Gingerbread cookies (姜饼饼干), Yule log (树干蛋糕)
  • 3. Drinks (饮料): Eggnog (蛋奶酒), Mulled wine (热红酒), Hot chocolate (热巧克力)
• D. Activities (活动)
  • 1. Caroling (唱颂歌): Singing Christmas songs in groups (集体唱歌)
  • 2. Attending Church (参加教堂礼拜): Christmas Eve service (平安夜礼拜)
  • 3. Spending time with family (与家人共度时光): Playing games, watching movies (玩游戏，看电影)
  • 4. Visiting Santa Claus (拜访圣诞老人): Taking pictures, making wishes (拍照，许愿)

III. Vocabulary (词汇)

• A. Nouns (名词)
  • Christmas (圣诞节)
  • Santa Claus (圣诞老人)
  • Reindeer (驯鹿)
  • Elf (精灵)
  • Present (礼物)
  • Stocking (袜子)
  • Christmas tree (圣诞树)
  • Ornament (装饰品)
  • Carol (颂歌)
  • Angel (天使)
  • Star (星星)
  • Fireplace (壁炉)
  • Chimney (烟囱)
  • Snowflake (雪花)
  • Sleigh (雪橇)
• B. Verbs (动词)
  • Decorate (装饰)
  • Wrap (包装)
  • Give (给予)
  • Receive (收到)
  • Sing (唱歌)
  • Believe (相信)
  • Celebrate (庆祝)
  • Hang (悬挂)
  • Open (打开)
• C. Adjectives (形容词)
  • Merry (快乐的)
  • Bright (明亮的)
  • Joyful (欢乐的)
  • Festive (节日的)
  • Happy (幸福的)
  • Colorful (色彩缤纷的)
  • Magical (神奇的)
  • Wonderful (美好的)
• D. Phrases (短语)
  • Merry Christmas! (圣诞快乐！)
  • Happy Holidays! (节日快乐！)
  • Season's Greetings! (节日问候！)

IV. Santa Claus & His World (圣诞老人和他的世界)

• A. Appearance (外貌)
  • 1. Jolly, plump man (快乐，丰满的男人): Red suit (红色套装), White beard (白色胡须), Round belly (圆圆的肚子)
• B. Residence (住所)
  • 1. North Pole (北极): Workshop (工作室), Elves (精灵)
• C. Transportation (交通工具)
  • 1. Sleigh pulled by reindeer (驯鹿拉的雪橇): Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (红鼻子驯鹿鲁道夫)
• D. Activities (活动)
  • 1. Making toys (制作玩具): Elves' help (精灵们的帮助)
  • 2. Delivering presents (运送礼物): Flying around the world (环游世界), Going down chimneys (从烟囱下来)
  • 3. Checking his list (查看他的名单): Naughty or nice (淘气还是乖巧)

V. Cultural Variations (文化差异)

• A. Different Traditions (不同的传统)
  • 1. Countries celebrate Christmas differently (各国庆祝圣诞节的方式不同)
  • 2. Examples: Christmas Eve celebrations (平安夜庆祝活动), Food variations (食物差异), Gift-giving customs (送礼习俗)
• B. Common Themes (共同主题)
  • 1. Family (家庭): Spending time together (共度时光)
  • 2. Giving (给予): Charity, generosity (慈善，慷慨)
  • 3. Peace (和平): Goodwill towards others (对他人的善意)

VI. Grammar Points (语法要点)

• A. Present Simple Tense (一般现在时): Describing habitual actions and facts related to Christmas. (描述与圣诞节相关的习惯性动作和事实。)
  • Example: Santa Claus lives at the North Pole. (圣诞老人住在北极。)
• B. Past Simple Tense (一般过去时): Describing events that happened in the past, such as the origin of Christmas. (描述过去发生的事件，例如圣诞节的起源。)
  • Example: Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem. (耶稣基督诞生在伯利恒。)
• C. Use of Adjectives (形容词的使用): Describing the Christmas atmosphere and objects. (描述圣诞节的气氛和物品。)
  • Example: The Christmas tree is beautiful and bright. (圣诞树美丽而明亮。)
• D. Use of Prepositions (介词的使用): Describing locations and time. (描述地点和时间。)
  • Example: Presents are under the tree. (礼物在树下。) Christmas is on December 25th. (圣诞节在12月25日。)

VII. Listening & Speaking Activities (听力与口语活动)

• A. Describing Christmas traditions in your family (描述你家的圣诞传统)
• B. Asking and answering questions about Christmas (询问和回答关于圣诞节的问题)
• C. Singing Christmas carols (唱圣诞颂歌)
• D. Role-playing a visit to Santa Claus (角色扮演拜访圣诞老人)
• E. Describing a Christmas scene (描述一个圣诞场景)

VIII. Reading & Writing Activities (阅读与写作活动)

• A. Reading Christmas stories (阅读圣诞故事)
• B. Writing a letter to Santa Claus (给圣诞老人写信)
• C. Writing a Christmas card (写圣诞贺卡)
• D. Describing your favorite Christmas memory (描述你最喜欢的圣诞回忆)
• E. Writing a short story about Christmas (写一篇关于圣诞节的短篇小说)

IX. Extension Activities (拓展活动)

• A. Researching Christmas traditions in other countries (研究其他国家的圣诞传统)
• B. Making Christmas decorations (制作圣诞装饰品)
• C. Baking Christmas cookies (烤圣诞饼干)
• D. Watching Christmas movies (看圣诞电影)
• E. Listening to Christmas music (听圣诞音乐)