《What does he do》的思维导图

中心主题：What does he do? (他做什么工作？)

I. 询问目的与范围

• A. 询问目的:
  • 1. 为了了解对方的职业。
  • 2. 为了打开话题，建立联系。
  • 3. 为了评估对方的社会地位或经济状况（通常比较隐晦）。
  • 4. 为了寻找共同的兴趣或合作机会。
• B. 询问范围:
  • 1. 狭义: 仅限于主要职业，赖以生存的工作。
  • 2. 广义: 包括兼职、爱好、志愿者工作等所有活动。
  • 3. 潜在含义: 可能包含社会地位、收入水平、个人技能等信息。
  • 4. 文化差异: 不同文化背景下，对职业的看法和重视程度不同。

II. 常见回答类型与分类

• A. 职业名称类:
  • 1. 常见职业: Teacher, Doctor, Engineer, Programmer, Salesperson, Manager, Artist, Writer, Musician, Lawyer, Accountant, Chef, Police Officer, Firefighter, Nurse, Farmer, Pilot, Architect, Designer.
  • 2. 新兴职业: Social Media Manager, Data Scientist, UX Designer, AI Engineer, Blockchain Developer, Esports Player, Influencer, Content Creator, Virtual Assistant.
  • 3. 行业细分: 详细说明所属行业，例如：Software Engineer at Google, High School Math Teacher, Commercial Real Estate Lawyer.
  • 4. 职业阶段: Intern, Entry-level, Senior, Executive, Retired.
• B. 工作内容描述类:
  • 1. 职责描述: "I manage a team of engineers." "I teach English to high school students." "I write code for mobile applications."
  • 2. 工作流程: "I start my day by checking emails, then I attend meetings, and finally I work on my projects."
  • 3. 技能展示: "I am skilled in data analysis and machine learning." "I am proficient in Python and Java."
  • 4. 成果展示: "I recently launched a successful marketing campaign." "I published a book on artificial intelligence."
• C. 自由职业/自主经营类:
  • 1. Freelancer: "I am a freelance writer." "I work as a freelance photographer."
  • 2. Entrepreneur: "I run my own business." "I am the CEO of a startup."
  • 3. Independent Contractor: "I work as an independent consultant."
  • 4. Self-Employed: "I am self-employed as a graphic designer."
• D. 学生/无业/退休类:
  • 1. Student: "I am a student at university." "I am studying computer science."
  • 2. Unemployed: "I am currently looking for a job." "I am between jobs."
  • 3. Retired: "I am retired." "I used to work as a teacher."
  • 4. Homemaker: "I am a homemaker." "I take care of my family."
• E. 复杂或多重职业类:
  • 1. Part-time Jobs: "I work part-time as a barista while studying."
  • 2. Side Hustles: "I work as a project manager during the day and I'm a musician in the evenings."
  • 3. Multiple Roles: "I am a teacher and a researcher."
  • 4. Career Transition: "I am transitioning from a career in finance to a career in technology."

III. 追问与深入了解

• A. 工作环境:
  • 1. 公司规模：Small, Medium, Large Enterprise
  • 2. 工作地点：Office, Remote, Field
  • 3. 工作氛围：Collaborative, Competitive, Relaxed, Stressful
  • 4. 行业前景：Growing, Stable, Declining
• B. 职业发展:
  • 1. 晋升机会：Opportunities for advancement, Limited opportunities
  • 2. 职业规划：Short-term goals, Long-term goals
  • 3. 行业认证：Certifications, Licenses
  • 4. 技能提升：Training programs, Workshops
• C. 工作挑战与回报:
  • 1. 挑战：Stressful deadlines, Difficult clients, Complex projects
  • 2. 回报：Financial compensation, Job satisfaction, Personal growth, Helping others
  • 3. 工作与生活平衡：Work-life balance, Long hours, Flexible schedule
  • 4. 社会价值：Contributing to society, Making a difference
• D. 技能与知识:
  • 1. 必备技能：Technical skills, Soft skills
  • 2. 行业知识：Industry trends, Best practices
  • 3. 学习能力：Continuous learning, Adapting to change
  • 4. 创新能力：Problem-solving, Creativity

IV. 语言表达与礼仪

• A. 礼貌用语:
  • 1. "What do you do for a living?"
  • 2. "What kind of work are you in?"
  • 3. "Where do you work?"
  • 4. "Tell me about your job."
• B. 回答技巧:
  • 1. 简洁明了：Avoid jargon, Use simple language
  • 2. 突出重点：Highlight key responsibilities and achievements
  • 3. 保持自信：Show enthusiasm and passion for your work
  • 4. 适度幽默：Use humor to break the ice and make a connection
• C. 注意事项:
  • 1. 避免过度追问薪资或个人信息。
  • 2. 尊重对方的隐私。
  • 3. 认真倾听对方的回答。
  • 4. 根据语境调整表达方式。
• D. 非语言沟通:
  • 1. 眼神交流：Maintain eye contact
  • 2. 肢体语言：Use open and friendly gestures
  • 3. 语调：Speak clearly and confidently
  • 4. 表情：Smile and show genuine interest

V. 文化差异的影响

• A. 职业的社会地位:
  • 1. 不同国家对不同职业的尊重程度不同。
  • 2. 某些职业在特定文化背景下被视为高尚或卑微。
• B. 职业选择的价值观:
  • 1. 有些文化更重视稳定和安全，倾向于选择传统职业。
  • 2. 有些文化更鼓励创新和冒险，倾向于选择新兴职业。
• C. 语言表达的差异:
  • 1. 不同语言对职业的表达方式不同。
  • 2. 直接询问职业可能在某些文化中被认为是不礼貌的。
• D. 刻板印象:
  • 1. 避免对特定职业的人抱有刻板印象。
  • 2. 了解不同文化背景下对职业的认知差异。