《五年级下册英语思维导图第五单元好看的漂亮的》

中心主题：Unit 5 What are you doing?

I. 核心语法：现在进行时

• 构成： be动词 (am/is/are) + 动词-ing形式
  • 例句： I am reading a book. He is playing football. They are watching TV.
• 用法：
  • 描述现在正在发生的动作。
    • 例句： She is singing a song right now.
  • 描述现阶段正在进行的活动。
    • 例句： I am learning to play the piano this month.
  • 描述最近发生的或计划发生的动作，尤其是有时间状语时。
    • 例句： We are going to the park tomorrow.
• 动词-ing形式的构成规则：
  • 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing。
    • 例句： read – reading, play – playing, watch – watching
  • 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e后加-ing。
    • 例句： write – writing, dance – dancing, take – taking
  • 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母，再加-ing。
    • 例句： run – running, swim – swimming, sit – sitting
• 否定形式： be动词后加not。
  • 例句： I am not reading a book. He is not playing football. They are not watching TV.
• 疑问形式： be动词提到句首。
  • 例句： Are you reading a book? Is he playing football? Are they watching TV?
  • 肯定回答： Yes, I am. / Yes, he is. / Yes, they are.
  • 否定回答： No, I’m not. / No, he isn’t. / No, they aren’t.

II. 词汇分类与扩展

• 动词 (Actions):
  • 阅读类: read (reading), write (writing), draw (drawing), paint (painting), look at (looking at)
    • 扩展: study (studying), learn (learning), browse (browsing)
  • 娱乐类: play (playing), sing (singing), dance (dancing), watch (watching), listen to (listening to)
    • 扩展: act (acting), perform (performing), enjoy (enjoying)
  • 运动类: run (running), jump (jumping), swim (swimming), kick (kicking), throw (throwing)
    • 扩展: exercise (exercising), train (training), compete (competing)
  • 工作类: work (working), help (helping), clean (cleaning), cook (cooking), wash (washing)
    • 扩展: design (designing), build (building), repair (repairing)
  • 其他: eat (eating), drink (drinking), sleep (sleeping), talk (talking), think (thinking)
    • 扩展: laugh (laughing), cry (crying), smile (smiling)
• 地点 (Places):
  • home, school, park, library, cinema
    • 扩展: restaurant, shop, museum, zoo, stadium
• 物品 (Objects):
  • book, pen, pencil, paper, TV, computer, ball
    • 扩展: phone, tablet, game console, musical instrument, art supplies
• 时间 (Time):
  • now, right now, at the moment, today, tomorrow
    • 扩展: this week, this month, this year, soon, later
• 人物 (People):
  • I, you, he, she, it, we, they, friend, teacher, family
    • 扩展: classmate, neighbor, colleague, stranger, celebrity

III. 常用句型与对话

• 询问：
  • What are you doing?
  • What is he/she/it doing?
  • What are they doing?
• 回答：
  • I am + 动词-ing.
  • He/She/It is + 动词-ing.
  • They are + 动词-ing.

• 对话示例：

  • A: Hi, Lisa. What are you doing?

  • B: I am reading a book.

  • A: What kind of book are you reading?

  • B: It's a storybook about animals.

  • A: Look! What is he doing?

  • B: He is playing basketball.

  • A: Can he play well?

  • B: Yes, he is very good at it.

  • A: Where are they?

  • B: They are in the park.

  • A: What are they doing?

  • B: They are having a picnic.

IV. 语法深化与辨析

• 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别：
  • 现在进行时: 侧重描述现在正在进行的动作或状态，强调动作的持续性。
  • 一般现在时: 侧重描述经常发生的动作、习惯或普遍真理。
  • 例句：
    • 现在进行时： I am eating dinner now. (我现在正在吃晚餐)
    • 一般现在时： I eat dinner at 7 pm every day. (我每天晚上七点吃晚餐)
• 不能用于进行时的动词（状态动词）：
  • love, hate, know, understand, believe, see, hear, want, need, have (表示拥有)
  • 例句： I love chocolate. (不说 I am loving chocolate.)
  • 注意：有些动词既可以是状态动词，也可以是动作动词，意思不同。
    • 例句： I have a book. (我有一本书，have是状态动词)
    • I am having breakfast. (我正在吃早餐，have是动作动词)

V. 单元重点与难点

• 重点: 掌握现在进行时的构成和用法，能够正确运用动词-ing形式。
• 难点: 区分现在进行时和一般现在时，理解状态动词的用法。
• 易错点:
  • 忘记be动词。
  • 动词-ing形式拼写错误。
  • 混淆现在进行时和一般现在时。

VI. 拓展活动与练习

• 角色扮演： 学生扮演不同角色，用现在进行时描述自己的行为。
• 看图说话： 提供图片，让学生用现在进行时描述图片中的内容。
• 游戏活动： 进行“What are you doing?” 游戏，一人做动作，其他人猜。
• 听力练习： 听录音，判断录音中人物正在做什么。
• 写作练习： 写一篇短文，描述自己或他人的日常活动。