there be句型思维导图
《there be句型思维导图》
I. 核心概念:存在与陈述
- 定义: 用于表达“存在”或“发生”的概念,强调某个事物或人在某个地方。
- 语法结构:
There + be + 主语 + (状语/地点状语/时间状语)
- 核心作用: 引入新信息,避免头重脚轻的句子结构。
II. be动词的选用
- 规则: be动词的形式要与真正的主语保持一致,而不是与there一致。
- 单数主语:
is/was
- 例子:There is a cat on the mat.
- 例子:There was a great storm last night.
- 复数主语:
are/were
- 例子:There are many students in the classroom.
- 例子:There were several accidents on the highway.
- 不可数名词: 通常与
is/was
连用,视为单数。
- 例子:There is much water in the river.
- 例子:There was a lot of traffic this morning.
- 不定式/动名词/从句作主语: 通常与
is/was
连用,视为单数。
- 例子:There is no denying the fact.
- 例子:There was a loud noise that startled everyone.
- 易混淆情况:
- 多个单数主语并列,通常用
is/was
,但在非正式语境中,are/were
也可接受。
- 含有and连接的并列主语,通常被视为复数。例如: There are a pen and a book on the desk.
- 含有or, either...or, neither...nor连接的主语, be动词与距离最近的主语保持一致。例如: There is either a pen or two pencils on the desk. There are two pencils or a pen on the desk.
III. 常用结构与变体
- There be + 主语 + 介词短语: 表示事物在某个地方的存在。
- 例子:There is a book on the table.
- 例子:There are some trees in the park.
- There be + 主语 + 现在分词: 表示事物正在进行的状态。
- 例子:There is someone knocking at the door.
- 例子:There are children playing in the garden.
- There be + 主语 + 过去分词: 表示事物被完成的状态。
- 例子:There is a letter to be written.
- 例子:There are some problems to be solved.
- There seems/appears to be...: 表示似乎存在。
- 例子:There seems to be something wrong with the car.
- 例子:There appears to be no one at home.
- There used to be...: 表示过去存在,现在已经不存在。
- 例子:There used to be a cinema in this street.
- There is/are likely to be...: 表示很可能存在。
- 例子:There is likely to be rain tomorrow.
- There is no/not...: 表示不存在。
- 例子:There is no doubt about it.
- 例子:There are not many apples left.
- There is nothing/nobody/no one...: 强调不存在。
- 例子:There is nobody home.
- 例子:There is nothing to worry about.
- There followed...: (正式用法)表示紧随其后发生。
- 例子:There followed a period of silence.
IV. 特殊句型与应用
- 倒装句: 将表示地点或时间的状语置于句首,然后使用there be结构。
- 例子:In the corner of the room, there was a small table.
- 例子:On the top of the mountain, there is a beautiful lake.
- 疑问句: 将be动词提前至there之前。
- 例子:Is there any sugar in the coffee?
- 例子:Are there any questions?
- 否定疑问句: 将否定词not与be动词连用,并提前至there之前。
- 例子:Isn't there any milk in the fridge?
- 例子:Aren't there any tickets left?
- 强调句型 (It is/was + that...): 可以用It is/was...that结构来强调There be句型中的主语。
- 例子:It was a car that was there. (强调是car)
- 虚拟语气: 在表示假设或与事实相反的情况时,可以使用虚拟语气,be动词通常用were。
- 例子:If there were more time, I would explain it further. (但事实上时间不够)
V. 使用注意事项
- 避免与have/has混淆: have/has表示“拥有”,而there be表示“存在”。
- 错误:There have a book on the desk.
- 正确:There is a book on the desk. (书存在于桌子上)
- 正确:I have a book. (我拥有一本书)
- 避免句子冗余: 避免在there be句型中使用多余的代词。
- 错误:There is it a book on the desk.
- 正确:There is a book on the desk.
- 主语位置: There be句型的主语通常放在be动词之后,要确保be动词与主语在数上保持一致。
- 语境选择: There be句型通常用于描述某个地方存在的事物,或引入新的信息,选择合适的语境使用。
VI. 练习与巩固
- 句子改写: 将普通句子改写成there be句型。
- 例如:Many people live in this city. -> There are many people living in this city.
- 填空练习: 根据语境选择合适的be动词。
- 例如:__ (be) a lot of noise outside.
- 造句练习: 使用there be句型描述场景或事物。
- 例如:Describe your classroom using there be sentences.
- 翻译练习: 将中文句子翻译成英文,并使用there be句型。
- 例如:房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。-> There is a table and two chairs in the room.
VII. 总结
there be
句型是一个表达“存在”的强大工具,掌握其基本结构、变体和使用注意事项,可以有效地提高英语表达的准确性和流畅性。通过大量的练习和应用,可以更加熟练地运用该句型。