《英语主谓一致思维导图》
1. 基本原则
* ### 1.1 单数主语
* 1.1.1 定义:主语为单数名词或代词。
* 1.1.2 动词形式:谓语动词采用单数形式 (通常在动词后加-s/-es)。
* 1.1.3 示例:
* He *works* hard.
* The dog *barks* loudly.
* It *is* raining.
* ### 1.2 复数主语
* 1.2.1 定义:主语为复数名词或代词。
* 1.2.2 动词形式:谓语动词采用复数形式 (动词原形)。
* 1.2.3 示例:
* They *work* hard.
* The dogs *bark* loudly.
* We *are* going.
2. 特殊情况
* ### 2.1 并列主语
* 2.1.1 规则一: and 连接两个或多个名词/代词,通常视为复数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用复数形式。
* 示例:
* Tom and Mary *are* students.
* My brother and I *play* basketball.
* 2.1.2 规则二:and 连接的两个名词指同一事物/概念,视为单数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式。
* 示例:
* The singer and dancer *is* my friend. (指同一个人)
* Bread and butter *is* my favorite breakfast. (面包和黄油作为一个整体)
* 2.1.3 规则三:each/every + 单数名词 + and + each/every + 单数名词,视为单数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式。
* 示例:
* Each boy and each girl *has* a book.
* Every student and every teacher *is* required to attend.
* 2.1.4 规则四:由“as well as”,“along with”,“together with”,“with”,“besides”,“including”,“like”,“but”,“except” 等连接的短语,主语取决于第一个名词/代词。
* 动词形式: 根据第一个名词/代词的单复数决定动词形式。
* 示例:
* The teacher, as well as the students, *is* happy.
* I, along with my friends, *am* going to the party.
* He, together with his family, *has* arrived.
* ### 2.2 集合名词
* 2.2.1 定义:表示由若干个体组成的一个群体,如 family, team, class, committee, government, audience, crew, public 等。
* 2.2.2 规则一:作为整体考虑时,视为单数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式。
* 示例:
* The family *is* large.
* The team *is* playing well.
* 2.2.3 规则二:强调个体成员时,视为复数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用复数形式。
* 示例:
* The family *are* arguing about money.
* The team *are* wearing their new uniforms.
* ### 2.3 不定代词
* 2.3.1 始终视为单数的代词:everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, each, either, neither。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式。
* 示例:
* Everyone *is* happy.
* Something *is* wrong.
* Neither of them *is* correct.
* 2.3.2 始终视为复数的代词:both, few, many, several。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用复数形式。
* 示例:
* Both *are* correct.
* Many *are* invited.
* 2.3.3 单复数皆可的代词:some, any, none, all, most。根据后面的名词/代词决定。
* 动词形式: 根据后面的名词/代词的单复数决定动词形式。
* 示例:
* Some of the water *is* gone. (water 不可数,视为单数)
* Some of the students *are* absent. (students 复数)
* None of the information *is* correct. (information 不可数,视为单数)
* None of the books *are* mine. (books 复数)
* ### 2.4 表示数量的词语
* 2.4.1 规则一: a number of + 复数名词,视为复数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用复数形式。
* 示例:
* A number of students *are* absent.
* 2.4.2 规则二: the number of + 复数名词,视为单数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式。
* 示例:
* The number of students *is* increasing.
* 2.4.3 规则三:分数/百分数 + of + 名词/代词,根据后面的名词/代词决定。
* 动词形式: 根据后面的名词/代词的单复数决定动词形式。
* 示例:
* Half of the water *is* polluted.
* Half of the apples *are* rotten.
* ### 2.5 以-s结尾的名词
* 2.5.1 单数名词:news, mathematics, physics, politics, economics 等,虽然以-s结尾,但通常视为单数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式。
* 示例:
* The news *is* good.
* Mathematics *is* my favorite subject.
* 2.5.2 复数名词:scissors, trousers, glasses, shorts 等,总是视为复数主语。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用复数形式。
* 示例:
* My scissors *are* sharp.
* His trousers *are* too long.
* 2.5.3 疾病名称:如 measles, mumps, rickets, 视为单数。
* 动词形式: 谓语动词采用单数形式
* 示例:
* Measles *is* a dangerous disease.
* ### 2.6 "there be" 句型
* 动词形式:谓语动词根据后面的第一个名词的单复数决定。
* 示例:
* There *is* a book on the table.
* There *are* some books on the table.
* ### 2.7 定语从句
* 动词形式:从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
* 示例:
* The student who *studies* hard will succeed.
* The students who *study* hard will succeed.
3. 总结
* 理解主语的单复数是关键。
* 注意特殊情况和易混淆的规则。
* 多加练习,掌握主谓一致的用法。