《食物的英语思维导图》
I. Food Groups (食物种类)
A. Fruits (水果)
1. **Berries (浆果)**
* Strawberry (草莓)
* Blueberry (蓝莓)
* Raspberry (覆盆子)
* Blackberry (黑莓)
* Cranberry (蔓越莓)
2. **Citrus Fruits (柑橘类)**
* Orange (橙子)
* Lemon (柠檬)
* Lime (青柠)
* Grapefruit (葡萄柚)
* Mandarin (橘子)
3. **Pome Fruits (仁果)**
* Apple (苹果)
* Pear (梨)
* Quince (温柏)
4. **Stone Fruits (核果)**
* Peach (桃子)
* Plum (李子)
* Cherry (樱桃)
* Apricot (杏)
5. **Tropical Fruits (热带水果)**
* Banana (香蕉)
* Mango (芒果)
* Pineapple (菠萝)
* Papaya (木瓜)
* Kiwi (猕猴桃)
* Avocado (牛油果/鳄梨)
6. **Melons (瓜类)**
* Watermelon (西瓜)
* Cantaloupe (哈密瓜)
* Honeydew Melon (蜜瓜)
B. Vegetables (蔬菜)
1. **Root Vegetables (根茎类)**
* Carrot (胡萝卜)
* Potato (土豆)
* Sweet Potato (红薯)
* Radish (萝卜)
* Beetroot (甜菜根)
2. **Leafy Greens (绿叶蔬菜)**
* Lettuce (生菜)
* Spinach (菠菜)
* Kale (羽衣甘蓝)
* Cabbage (卷心菜)
* Arugula (芝麻菜)
3. **Cruciferous Vegetables (十字花科)**
* Broccoli (西兰花)
* Cauliflower (菜花)
* Brussels Sprouts (抱子甘蓝)
* Bok Choy (小白菜)
4. **Stem Vegetables (茎类蔬菜)**
* Celery (芹菜)
* Asparagus (芦笋)
5. **Fruit Vegetables (果实类蔬菜)**
* Tomato (番茄)
* Cucumber (黄瓜)
* Pepper (辣椒/甜椒)
* Eggplant (茄子)
* Pumpkin (南瓜)
* Zucchini (西葫芦)
6. **Allium Vegetables (葱属蔬菜)**
* Onion (洋葱)
* Garlic (大蒜)
* Scallion (葱)
* Leek (韭葱)
C. Grains (谷物)
1. **Wheat (小麦)**
* Bread (面包)
* Pasta (意大利面)
* Cereal (谷物早餐)
* Flour (面粉)
2. **Rice (米)**
* White Rice (白米)
* Brown Rice (糙米)
* Jasmine Rice (茉莉香米)
* Sushi Rice (寿司米)
3. **Corn (玉米)**
* Corn on the Cob (玉米棒)
* Popcorn (爆米花)
* Cornmeal (玉米粉)
4. **Oats (燕麦)**
* Oatmeal (燕麦片)
* Granola (格兰诺拉麦片)
5. **Barley (大麦)**
6. **Rye (黑麦)**
7. **Quinoa (藜麦)**
D. Protein (蛋白质)
1. **Meat (肉类)**
* Beef (牛肉)
* Pork (猪肉)
* Chicken (鸡肉)
* Lamb (羊肉)
* Turkey (火鸡)
* Duck (鸭肉)
2. **Fish (鱼)**
* Salmon (三文鱼)
* Tuna (金枪鱼)
* Cod (鳕鱼)
* Trout (鳟鱼)
* Sardines (沙丁鱼)
3. **Seafood (海鲜)**
* Shrimp (虾)
* Crab (螃蟹)
* Lobster (龙虾)
* Oysters (牡蛎)
* Clams (蛤蜊)
* Mussels (贻贝)
4. **Eggs (蛋)**
* Chicken Eggs (鸡蛋)
* Duck Eggs (鸭蛋)
5. **Legumes (豆类)**
* Beans (豆子) - Kidney Beans (芸豆), Black Beans (黑豆), Pinto Beans (斑豆)
* Lentils (小扁豆)
* Chickpeas (鹰嘴豆)
* Soybeans (大豆)
6. **Nuts & Seeds (坚果与籽)**
* Almonds (杏仁)
* Walnuts (核桃)
* Peanuts (花生)
* Cashews (腰果)
* Sunflower Seeds (葵花籽)
* Pumpkin Seeds (南瓜籽)
E. Dairy (乳制品)
1. **Milk (牛奶)**
* Whole Milk (全脂牛奶)
* Skim Milk (脱脂牛奶)
* Almond Milk (杏仁奶)
* Soy Milk (豆奶)
* Oat Milk (燕麦奶)
2. **Cheese (奶酪)**
* Cheddar (切达奶酪)
* Mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪)
* Parmesan (帕尔马干酪)
* Feta (菲达奶酪)
* Brie (布里奶酪)
3. **Yogurt (酸奶)**
* Greek Yogurt (希腊酸奶)
* Plain Yogurt (原味酸奶)
4. **Butter (黄油)**
5. **Cream (奶油)**
II. Cooking Methods (烹饪方法)
A. Dry Heat Cooking (干热烹饪)
1. **Baking (烘焙)**
2. **Roasting (烤)**
3. **Grilling (烧烤)**
4. **Broiling (炙烤)**
5. **Frying (油炸)** - Deep Frying (油炸), Pan Frying (煎), Stir Frying (炒)
B. Moist Heat Cooking (湿热烹饪)**
1. **Boiling (煮)**
2. **Steaming (蒸)**
3. **Poaching (水波煮)**
4. **Simmering (煨)**
5. **Braising (炖)**
C. Combination Cooking (混合烹饪)**
1. **Stewing (炖)**
III. Tastes (味道)
A. Basic Tastes (基本味道)
1. **Sweet (甜)**
2. **Sour (酸)**
3. **Salty (咸)**
4. **Bitter (苦)**
5. **Umami (鲜)**
B. Other Descriptors (其他描述词)**
1. **Spicy (辣)**
2. **Savory (咸香)**
3. **Tangy (酸爽)**
4. **Rich (浓郁)**
5. **Mild (清淡)**
6. **Bland (无味)**
7. **Refreshing (清爽)**
8. **Greasy (油腻)**
9. **Crispy (酥脆)**
10. **Chewy (有嚼劲)**
IV. Food Preparation (食物准备)
A. Chopping (切)
1. **Dicing (切丁)**
2. **Slicing (切片)**
3. **Mincing (切末)**
4. **Chopping Roughly (粗切)**
B. Peeling (削皮)**
C. Grating (磨碎)**
D. Measuring (测量)**
1. **Volume (体积)** - Cups (杯), Tablespoons (汤匙), Teaspoons (茶匙), Milliliters (毫升), Liters (升)
2. **Weight (重量)** - Grams (克), Kilograms (千克), Ounces (盎司), Pounds (磅)
E. Mixing (混合)**
1. **Stirring (搅拌)**
2. **Whisking (搅打)**
3. **Folding (翻拌)**
4. **Kneading (揉)** (especially for dough)
