《英语五年级思维导图第一单元》

中心主题：My School

一、 核心词汇 (Vocabulary)

• A. School Places:

  • Classroom (教室): desks, chairs, blackboard/whiteboard, teacher’s desk, books, pencils, pens, crayons, erasers, rulers, map, globe, computer, screen, projector, clock, door, window, pictures, posters.
  • Library (图书馆): bookshelves, books, magazines, newspapers, tables, chairs, computers, librarian, reading area.
  • Gym (体育馆): basketball court, volleyball court, badminton court, running track, climbing wall, mats, balls (basketball, volleyball, football, soccer ball), skipping ropes, gymnastic equipment.
  • Playground (操场): swings, slides, seesaw, jungle gym, sandbox, grass, trees, benches.
  • Canteen/Cafeteria (餐厅): tables, chairs, food counters, food (e.g., sandwiches, rice, noodles, soup, fruit, vegetables), drinks (e.g., juice, milk, water), plates, cutlery.
  • Music Room (音乐教室): musical instruments (piano, guitar, drums, violin, recorder, xylophone), music stands, chairs, sheet music.
  • Art Room (美术教室): easels, paints, brushes, palettes, paper, canvases, clay, sculpting tools.
  • Computer Room (电脑室): computers, monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, scanners.
  • Office (办公室): desks, chairs, computers, telephones, filing cabinets, secretary, principal.

• B. School Subjects:

  • English (英语): books, vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, speaking, listening.
  • Math (数学): numbers, equations, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, calculator.
  • Science (科学): experiments, lab equipment, biology, chemistry, physics, plants, animals.
  • History (历史): past events, timelines, historical figures, artifacts.
  • Geography (地理): maps, countries, continents, oceans, rivers, mountains, climate.
  • Art (美术): drawing, painting, sculpting, crafts, colors, shapes.
  • Music (音乐): singing, playing instruments, listening to music, notes, rhythm.
  • P.E. (体育): sports, exercise, running, jumping, throwing, teamwork.
  • Chinese (语文): characters, reading, writing, poems, stories.
  • Computer Science (计算机科学): coding, programming, software, hardware.

• C. School Items:

  • Backpack (书包): books, notebooks, pencils, pens, erasers, rulers, lunch box, water bottle.
  • Notebook (笔记本): pages, lines, notes, drawings.
  • Pencil (铅笔): lead, eraser, sharpener.
  • Pen (钢笔/圆珠笔): ink, refill.
  • Eraser (橡皮): rubber.
  • Ruler (尺子): measurements, centimeters, inches.
  • Textbook (课本): chapters, lessons, exercises.
  • Lunch Box (午餐盒): food, snacks.
  • Water Bottle (水壶): water, juice.

二、 语法 (Grammar)

• A. Present Simple (一般现在时):

  • Affirmative (肯定句): I/You/We/They + verb (base form); He/She/It + verb + -s/-es. Example: I go to school every day. He goes to school every day.
  • Negative (否定句): I/You/We/They + do not/don’t + verb (base form); He/She/It + does not/doesn’t + verb (base form). Example: I don’t go to school on weekends. He doesn’t go to school on weekends.
  • Interrogative (疑问句): Do + I/You/We/They + verb (base form)?; Does + He/She/It + verb (base form)? Example: Do you go to school every day? Does he go to school every day?
  • Uses: Describing habits, routines, facts, and general truths.

• B. Prepositions of Place (地点介词):

  • In: inside a container or enclosed space. Example: The book is in the backpack.
  • On: on a surface. Example: The pencil is on the desk.
  • Under: below something. Example: The cat is under the table.
  • Next to/Beside: to the side of something. Example: The library is next to the gym.
  • Between: in the space separating two things. Example: The playground is between the classroom and the canteen.
  • Behind: at the back of something. Example: The teacher is behind the desk.
  • In front of: at the front of something. Example: The students are in front of the blackboard.

• C. Possessive Adjectives (物主形容词):

  • My: belonging to me. Example: This is my book.
  • Your: belonging to you. Example: This is your pen.
  • His: belonging to him. Example: This is his ruler.
  • Her: belonging to her. Example: This is her eraser.
  • Its: belonging to it. Example: The dog wagged its tail.
  • Our: belonging to us. Example: This is our school.
  • Their: belonging to them. Example: This is their classroom.

三、 句型 (Sentence Structures)

• A. Asking and Answering Questions about School Subjects:

  • What is your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English.
  • What subjects do you have today? I have English, Math, and Science today.
  • Do you like…? Yes, I do./No, I don’t. Do you like Math? Yes, I do.

• B. Describing School Places:

  • This is a… It is… This is a classroom. It is big and bright.
  • There is/are… There is a blackboard in the classroom. There are desks and chairs in the classroom.
  • The… is… The library is quiet.

• C. Describing Daily Routines at School:

  • I… at… I go to school at 8 o’clock.
  • We… in the… We study English in the classroom.
  • The students… at… The students eat lunch at the canteen at noon.

四、 功能 (Functions)

• A. Talking about school subjects and favorite subjects.
• B. Describing different school places and their contents.
• C. Expressing likes and dislikes about school subjects.
• D. Asking and answering questions about school routines.
• E. Giving and following simple instructions related to the classroom.

五、 常用表达 (Useful Expressions)

• What’s your name? My name is…
• How old are you? I am… years old.
• Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too.
• Good morning/afternoon/evening.
• Goodbye/See you later.
• Thank you. You’re welcome.
• Excuse me.
• I don’t understand.
• Can you repeat that, please?
• How do you spell that?

六、 文化意识 (Cultural Awareness)

• Different school systems around the world.
• School uniforms (or lack thereof) in different countries.
• The importance of education in different cultures.
• Respecting teachers and classmates.

七、 拓展活动 (Extension Activities)

• Role-playing: Acting out scenarios in different school places (e.g., asking the librarian for a book).
• Creating a school map: Drawing and labeling the different areas of the school.
• Writing about a typical school day.
• Giving a presentation about a favorite school subject.
• Designing a new school uniform.
• Comparing and contrasting school life in different countries.
• Making a poster about school rules.
• Singing school-related songs.

八、评估 (Assessment)

• Vocabulary quizzes.
• Grammar exercises.
• Speaking activities (e.g., describing a picture of a school).
• Writing assignments (e.g., writing a paragraph about a favorite subject).
• Listening comprehension exercises.
• Participation in class discussions.

This mind map structure allows for a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and vocabulary covered in a typical fifth-grade English curriculum's first unit, focusing on the theme of "My School." It emphasizes vocabulary, grammar, sentence structures, functions, useful expressions, cultural awareness, and extension activities, all essential components for effective language learning.