英语知识点思维导图
《英语知识点思维导图》
I. 英语语法 (Grammar)
A. 词法 (Morphology)
1. 名词 (Nouns)
a. 可数名词 (Countable Nouns)
- 单数 (Singular)
- 复数 (Plural)
- 规则变化 (Regular Pluralization) - (s, es)
- 不规则变化 (Irregular Pluralization) - (child/children, mouse/mice)
b. 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns)
- 液体 (Liquids) - water, milk
- 气体 (Gases) - air, oxygen
- 材料 (Materials) - wood, paper
- 抽象名词 (Abstract Nouns) - information, advice
c. 所有格 (Possessive Case)
- 's 所有格 (Genitive 's)
2. 代词 (Pronouns)
a. 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)
- 主格 (Subject Pronouns) - I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- 宾格 (Object Pronouns) - me, you, him, her, it, us, them
- 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns) - mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
b. 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns) - this, that, these, those
c. 疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns) - who, whom, whose, which, what
d. 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns) - who, whom, which, that, whose
e. 反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) - myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
f. 不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns) - some, any, no, every, one, each, all, few, many, several
3. 动词 (Verbs)
a. 实义动词 (Lexical Verbs)
- 及物动词 (Transitive Verbs) - 需要宾语
- 不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs) - 不需要宾语
b. 系动词 (Linking Verbs) - be, become, seem, appear, look, feel, taste, smell, sound
c. 助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs) - be, do, have
d. 情态动词 (Modal Verbs) - can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would
e. 非谓语动词 (Non-finite Verbs)
- 动词不定式 (Infinitive) - to + verb
- 动名词 (Gerund) - verb + -ing
- 分词 (Participle) - verb + -ing (现在分词), verb + -ed (过去分词)
4. 形容词 (Adjectives)
a. 描述性形容词 (Descriptive Adjectives)
b. 限定性形容词 (Limiting Adjectives)
c. 比较级 (Comparative) - -er / more
d. 最高级 (Superlative) - -est / most
5. 副词 (Adverbs)
a. 方式副词 (Adverbs of Manner) - quickly, slowly, carefully
b. 时间副词 (Adverbs of Time) - now, yesterday, soon
c. 地点副词 (Adverbs of Place) - here, there, everywhere
d. 频率副词 (Adverbs of Frequency) - always, often, sometimes, never
e. 程度副词 (Adverbs of Degree) - very, quite, extremely
6. 介词 (Prepositions)
a. 时间介词 (Prepositions of Time) - at, on, in, before, after, during
b. 地点介词 (Prepositions of Place) - at, on, in, above, below, beside, between
c. 方向介词 (Prepositions of Direction) - to, from, towards, through, across
7. 连词 (Conjunctions)
a. 并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions) - and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
b. 从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunctions) - because, although, if, when, while, as, since
8. 数词 (Numerals)
a. 基数词 (Cardinal Numerals) - one, two, three
b. 序数词 (Ordinal Numerals) - first, second, third
9. 冠词 (Articles)
a. 定冠词 (Definite Article) - the
b. 不定冠词 (Indefinite Article) - a, an
B. 句法 (Syntax)
1. 句子成分 (Sentence Elements)
a. 主语 (Subject)
b. 谓语 (Predicate)
c. 宾语 (Object)
d. 表语 (Predicate Complement)
e. 定语 (Attribute)
f. 状语 (Adverbial)
g. 补语 (Complement)
2. 简单句 (Simple Sentence)
3. 并列句 (Compound Sentence)
4. 复合句 (Complex Sentence)
a. 名词性从句 (Noun Clause)
- 主语从句 (Subject Clause)
- 宾语从句 (Object Clause)
- 表语从句 (Predicate Clause)
- 同位语从句 (Appositive Clause)
b. 定语从句 (Attributive Clause / Relative Clause)
c. 状语从句 (Adverbial Clause)
- 时间状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Time)
- 地点状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Place)
- 原因状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Reason)
- 结果状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Result)
- 条件状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Condition)
- 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Concession)
- 目的状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Purpose)
- 方式状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Manner)
- 比较状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Comparison)
5. 倒装 (Inversion)
6. 强调 (Emphasis) - it is/was...that
7. 主谓一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)
8. 时态 (Tenses)
a. 一般现在时 (Simple Present)
b. 现在进行时 (Present Continuous)
c. 一般过去时 (Simple Past)
d. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous)
e. 现在完成时 (Present Perfect)
f. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect)
g. 一般将来时 (Simple Future) - will / be going to
h. 将来进行时 (Future Continuous)
i. 将来完成时 (Future Perfect)
9. 语态 (Voice)
a. 主动语态 (Active Voice)
b. 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
10. 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)
II. 词汇 (Vocabulary)
A. 词根词缀 (Roots and Affixes)
1. 前缀 (Prefixes)
2. 后缀 (Suffixes)
3. 词根 (Roots)
B. 常用词汇 (Common Vocabulary)
1. 核心词汇 (Core Vocabulary)
2. 高频词汇 (High-Frequency Vocabulary)
C. 同义词和反义词 (Synonyms and Antonyms)
D. 搭配 (Collocations)
III. 阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)
A. 阅读技巧 (Reading Skills)
1. 略读 (Skimming)
2. 扫读 (Scanning)
3. 细读 (Close Reading)
4. 推理 (Inference)
5. 总结 (Summarizing)
B. 题型 (Question Types)
1. 主旨题 (Main Idea Questions)
2. 细节题 (Detail Questions)
3. 推理题 (Inference Questions)
4. 词义题 (Vocabulary Questions)
5. 作者态度题 (Author's Attitude Questions)
IV. 写作 (Writing)
A. 写作结构 (Writing Structure)
1. 开头 (Introduction)
2. 中间段落 (Body Paragraphs)
3. 结尾 (Conclusion)
B. 写作技巧 (Writing Skills)
1. 句子多样性 (Sentence Variety)
2. 段落连贯性 (Paragraph Coherence)
3. 逻辑性 (Logical Flow)
4. 准确性 (Accuracy)
C. 常见文体 (Common Writing Genres)
1. 议论文 (Argumentative Essay)
2. 说明文 (Expository Essay)
3. 叙述文 (Narrative Essay)
4. 描述文 (Descriptive Essay)
V. 听力 (Listening)
A. 听力技巧 (Listening Skills)
1. 预测 (Prediction)
2. 抓住关键词 (Key Word Identification)
3. 做笔记 (Note-taking)
B. 题型 (Question Types)
1. 主旨题 (Main Idea Questions)
2. 细节题 (Detail Questions)
3. 推理题 (Inference Questions)
VI. 口语 (Speaking)
A. 发音 (Pronunciation)
1. 元音 (Vowels)
2. 辅音 (Consonants)
3. 重音 (Stress)
4. 语调 (Intonation)
B. 流利度 (Fluency)
C. 常用表达 (Common Expressions)
D. 交流技巧 (Communication Skills)
VII. 翻译 (Translation)
A. 英译汉 (English to Chinese)
B. 汉译英 (Chinese to English)
C. 翻译技巧 (Translation Skills)
1. 理解 (Understanding)
2. 表达 (Expressing)
3. 校对 (Proofreading)
