《时态思维导图 简单漂亮》

中心主题：英语时态 (English Tenses)

一级分支：基本时态 (Basic Tenses)

• 现在时 (Present Tenses)
  • 一般现在时 (Simple Present)
    • 用途：
      • 习惯性动作 (Habitual Actions)
      • 客观事实 (General Truths)
      • 永恒真理 (Eternal Truths)
      • 计划好的事情 (Scheduled Events - 主要是指班车时刻表，电视节目单等)
    • 结构：
      • 肯定句： 主语 + 动词原形 (第三人称单数：动词 + -s/-es)
      • 否定句： 主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形
      • 疑问句： Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
    • 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day/week/month/year, on Mondays, etc.
    • 例句：
      • I eat breakfast every morning. (习惯性动作)
      • The sun rises in the east. (客观事实)
      • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (永恒真理)
      • The train leaves at 6 pm. (计划好的事情)
  • 现在进行时 (Present Continuous)
    • 用途：
      • 正在发生的动作 (Actions happening now)
      • 临时的状态 (Temporary situations)
      • 计划好的将来 (Planned future events - 通常指个人计划)
      • 不断重复的行为 (Actions that are repeated frequently and annoy the speaker)
    • 结构：
      • 肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
      • 否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing
      • 疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing?
    • 时间状语： now, at the moment, right now, today, these days, this week, this month, etc.
    • 例句：
      • I am studying English now. (正在发生的动作)
      • I am living in London temporarily. (临时的状态)
      • I am meeting my friend tomorrow. (计划好的将来)
      • He is always complaining about his job. (不断重复的行为)
  • 一般过去时 (Simple Past)
    • 用途：
      • 过去发生的动作或状态 (Completed actions or states in the past)
    • 结构：
      • 肯定句： 主语 + 动词过去式
      • 否定句： 主语 + did + not + 动词原形
      • 疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
    • 时间状语： yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020, etc.
    • 例句：
      • I went to the cinema yesterday.
      • She lived in Paris for five years.
  • 一般将来时 (Simple Future)
    • 用途：
      • 将来发生的动作或状态 (Actions or states that will happen in the future)
      • 表达意愿 (Expressing willingness)
    • 结构：
      • 肯定句： 主语 + will + 动词原形 (或 主语 + be going to + 动词原形)
      • 否定句： 主语 + will + not + 动词原形 (或 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形)
      • 疑问句： Will + 主语 + 动词原形? (或 Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?)
    • 时间状语： tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon, etc.
    • 例句：
      • I will travel to Japan next year.
      • I am going to study abroad.
      • I will help you. (表达意愿)

二级分支：完成时态 (Perfect Tenses)

• 现在完成时 (Present Perfect)
  • 用途：
    • 过去发生的动作对现在产生影响 (Actions that happened in the past but have a relevance to the present)
    • 过去持续到现在 (Actions that started in the past and continue to the present)
    • 过去的经验 (Life experiences without a specific time)
  • 结构：
    • 肯定句： 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词
    • 否定句： 主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词
    • 疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词?
  • 时间状语： just, already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far, lately, recently, up to now, etc.
  • 例句：
    • I have already finished my homework. (对现在产生影响)
    • I have lived here for ten years. (过去持续到现在)
    • Have you ever been to China? (过去的经验)
• 过去完成时 (Past Perfect)
  • 用途：
    • 表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作 (Actions that were completed before a specific time in the past)
    • 表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作是另一个动作发生的原因 (Expressing the cause of a past action)
  • 结构：
    • 肯定句： 主语 + had + 动词过去分词
    • 否定句： 主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词
    • 疑问句： Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词?
  • 时间状语： before, after, by the time, when, as soon as, until, etc.
  • 例句：
    • I had finished my work before he arrived.
    • She was tired because she had been working all day.
• 将来完成时 (Future Perfect)
  • 用途：
    • 表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作 (Actions that will be completed before a specific time in the future)
  • 结构：
    • 肯定句： 主语 + will have + 动词过去分词
    • 否定句： 主语 + will not have + 动词过去分词
    • 疑问句： Will + 主语 + have + 动词过去分词?
  • 时间状语： by the time, by next year, in five years, before, etc.
  • 例句：
    • I will have finished my degree by next year.

三级分支：完成进行时态 (Perfect Continuous Tenses)

• 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous)
  • 用途：
    • 强调从过去开始持续到现在，并且还在继续的动作 (Actions that started in the past, continue to the present, and are still ongoing, emphasizing the duration)
  • 结构：
    • 肯定句： 主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing
    • 否定句： 主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词-ing
    • 疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词-ing?
  • 时间状语： for, since, how long, lately, recently, all day, etc.
  • 例句：
    • I have been studying English for five years.
    • It has been raining all day.
• 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous)
  • 用途：
    • 强调在过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作 (Actions that had been ongoing before a specific time in the past, emphasizing the duration)
  • 结构：
    • 肯定句： 主语 + had + been + 动词-ing
    • 否定句： 主语 + had + not + been + 动词-ing
    • 疑问句： Had + 主语 + been + 动词-ing?
  • 时间状语： for, since, how long, before, when, etc.
  • 例句：
    • I had been waiting for him for an hour before he arrived.
• 将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous)
  • 用途：
    • 表示到将来某个时间为止，某个动作一直持续进行 (Actions that will have been ongoing up to a specific time in the future, emphasizing the duration)
  • 结构：
    • 肯定句： 主语 + will have been + 动词-ing
    • 否定句： 主语 + will not have been + 动词-ing
    • 疑问句： Will + 主语 + have been + 动词-ing?
  • 时间状语： for, since, how long, by the time, by next year, in five years, etc.
  • 例句：
    • By next year, I will have been working here for ten years.

颜色编码建议：

• 现在时：绿色
• 过去时：蓝色
• 将来时：橙色
• 完成时：紫色
• 进行时：红色
• 时间状语：灰色

图形建议：

• 使用箭头连接各个分支。
• 使用不同形状的框来区分不同的时态组。
• 使用图标来表示不同的时间状语。

这个思维导图的目的是提供一个清晰和有组织的框架来理解和记忆英语时态。 通过使用颜色编码，图形和例句，可以更容易地掌握每个时态的用法和结构。 记住，熟能生巧，多练习才能真正掌握这些时态。