英语代词的思维导图

# 《英语代词的思维导图》

## 一、代词总览 (Pronouns Overview)

### 1.1 定义 (Definition)
*   代替名词或名词短语，避免重复 (Words that replace nouns or noun phrases to avoid repetition.)

### 1.2 主要类型 (Main Types)

*   **人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)**
    *   **物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)**
    *   **指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)**
    *   **关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)**
    *   **反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)**
    *   **相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns)**
    *   **不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns)**
    *   **疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)**

## 二、人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)

### 2.1 主格 (Subjective Case)

*   **I, you, he, she, it, we, they**
    *   用于句子中作主语 (Used as the subject of a sentence.)
    *   例子： *I* am a student. *They* are playing football.

### 2.2 宾格 (Objective Case)

*   **me, you, him, her, it, us, them**
    *   用于句子中作宾语 (Used as the object of a verb or preposition.)
    *   例子： He saw *me*. Give the book to *her*.

### 2.3 第一人称 (First Person)

*   **单数: I, me**
    *   **复数: we, us**
    *   指说话者本身 (Refers to the speaker.)

### 2.4 第二人称 (Second Person)

*   **单数/复数: you**
    *   指听话者 (Refers to the person being spoken to.)

### 2.5 第三人称 (Third Person)

*   **单数: he, she, it, him, her**
    *   **复数: they, them**
    *   指说话者和听话者以外的人或事物 (Refers to people or things other than the speaker and listener.)

## 三、物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)

### 3.1 形容词性物主代词 (Possessive Adjectives)

*   **my, your, his, her, its, our, their**
    *   修饰名词，表示所有关系 (Modify nouns, indicating possession.)
    *   例子： *My* book, *their* house.

### 3.2 名词性物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)

*   **mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs**
    *   代替名词，表示所有关系 (Replace nouns, indicating possession.)
    *   例子： This book is *mine*. The house is *theirs*.

## 四、指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)

### 4.1 单数 (Singular)

*   **this, that**
    *   *This* 指近处 (Refers to something near.)
    *   *That* 指远处 (Refers to something far.)

### 4.2 复数 (Plural)

*   **these, those**
    *   *These* 指近处 (Refers to things near.)
    *   *Those* 指远处 (Refers to things far.)

### 4.3 用途 (Usage)

*   指示人或物 (Indicate people or things.)
    *   例子： *This* is my car. *Those* are his shoes.

## 五、关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)

### 5.1 主要关系代词 (Main Relative Pronouns)

*   **who, whom, which, that, whose**
    *   引导定语从句 (Introduce relative clauses.)

### 5.2 用法 (Usage)

*   *Who* 指人 (Refers to people.)
    *   *Whom* 指人，作宾语 (Refers to people as the object of a verb or preposition.)
    *   *Which* 指物 (Refers to things.)
    *   *That* 指人或物 (Refers to people or things.)
    *   *Whose* 指人或物，表示所有格 (Indicates possession for people or things.)

### 5.3 例子 (Examples)

*   The man *who* is talking is my father.
    *   The book *which* I borrowed is very interesting.
    *   The person *whose* car was stolen reported it.

## 六、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)

### 6.1 形式 (Forms)

*   **myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves**
    *   动作的承受者与动作的发出者是同一个人 (The receiver of the action is the same as the doer of the action.)

### 6.2 用法 (Usage)

*   作宾语 (As an object of a verb or preposition.)
    *   起强调作用 (For emphasis.)
    *   例子： I hurt *myself*. He did it *himself*.

## 七、相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns)

### 7.1 类型 (Types)

*   **each other, one another**
    *   表示相互关系 (Express mutual relationships.)

### 7.2 用法 (Usage)

*   *Each other* 通常用于两个人之间 (Usually used between two people.)
    *   *One another* 通常用于三个人或更多人之间 (Usually used among three or more people.)
    *   例子： They love *each other*. They help *one another*.

## 八、不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns)

### 8.1 常见不定代词 (Common Indefinite Pronouns)

*   **some, any, no, every + thing/body/one** (e.g., something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone)
    *   **all, few, many, several, both, some, any, none, one, other, another**

### 8.2 用法 (Usage)

*   指代不确定的人或事物 (Refer to indefinite people or things.)
    *   例子： *Someone* is knocking at the door. *Anything* is possible. *Many* people attended the meeting.

### 8.3 单复数 (Singular/Plural)

*   *Everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, each, either, neither* 通常视为单数 (Generally treated as singular.)
    *   *Both, few, many, several* 通常视为复数 (Generally treated as plural.)
    *   *All, some, any, none* 可以是单数或复数，取决于所指代的词 (Can be singular or plural, depending on the context.)

## 九、疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)

### 9.1 主要疑问代词 (Main Interrogative Pronouns)

*   **who, whom, which, what, whose**
    *   用于提出问题 (Used to ask questions.)

### 9.2 用法 (Usage)

*   *Who* 询问人的身份 (Asks about a person's identity.)
    *   *Whom* 询问人的身份，作宾语 (Asks about a person's identity as an object.)
    *   *Which* 询问在几个选项中选择 (Asks about a choice between several options.)
    *   *What* 询问事物或想法 (Asks about things or ideas.)
    *   *Whose* 询问所有权 (Asks about possession.)

### 9.3 例子 (Examples)

*   *Who* is that girl?
    *   *Whom* did you see?
    *   *Which* is your car?
    *   *What* are you doing?
    *   *Whose* book is this?

《英语代词的思维导图》

一、代词总览 (Pronouns Overview)

1.1 定义 (Definition)

代替名词或名词短语，避免重复 (Words that replace nouns or noun phrases to avoid repetition.)

1.2 主要类型 (Main Types)

*   **人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)**
*   **物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)**
*   **指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)**
*   **关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)**
*   **反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)**
*   **相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns)**
*   **不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns)**
*   **疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)**

二、人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)

2.1 主格 (Subjective Case)

*   **I, you, he, she, it, we, they**
*   用于句子中作主语 (Used as the subject of a sentence.)
*   例子： *I* am a student. *They* are playing football.

2.2 宾格 (Objective Case)

*   **me, you, him, her, it, us, them**
*   用于句子中作宾语 (Used as the object of a verb or preposition.)
*   例子： He saw *me*. Give the book to *her*.

2.3 第一人称 (First Person)

*   **单数: I, me**
*   **复数: we, us**
*   指说话者本身 (Refers to the speaker.)

2.4 第二人称 (Second Person)

*   **单数/复数: you**
*   指听话者 (Refers to the person being spoken to.)

2.5 第三人称 (Third Person)

*   **单数: he, she, it, him, her**
*   **复数: they, them**
*   指说话者和听话者以外的人或事物 (Refers to people or things other than the speaker and listener.)

三、物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)

3.1 形容词性物主代词 (Possessive Adjectives)

*   **my, your, his, her, its, our, their**
*   修饰名词，表示所有关系 (Modify nouns, indicating possession.)
*   例子： *My* book, *their* house.

3.2 名词性物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)

*   **mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs**
*   代替名词，表示所有关系 (Replace nouns, indicating possession.)
*   例子： This book is *mine*. The house is *theirs*.

四、指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)

4.1 单数 (Singular)

*   **this, that**
*   *This* 指近处 (Refers to something near.)
*   *That* 指远处 (Refers to something far.)

4.2 复数 (Plural)

*   **these, those**
*   *These* 指近处 (Refers to things near.)
*   *Those* 指远处 (Refers to things far.)

4.3 用途 (Usage)

*   指示人或物 (Indicate people or things.)
*   例子： *This* is my car. *Those* are his shoes.

五、关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)

5.1 主要关系代词 (Main Relative Pronouns)

*   **who, whom, which, that, whose**
*   引导定语从句 (Introduce relative clauses.)

5.2 用法 (Usage)

*   *Who* 指人 (Refers to people.)
*   *Whom* 指人，作宾语 (Refers to people as the object of a verb or preposition.)
*   *Which* 指物 (Refers to things.)
*   *That* 指人或物 (Refers to people or things.)
*   *Whose* 指人或物，表示所有格 (Indicates possession for people or things.)

5.3 例子 (Examples)

*   The man *who* is talking is my father.
*   The book *which* I borrowed is very interesting.
*   The person *whose* car was stolen reported it.

六、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)

6.1 形式 (Forms)

*   **myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves**
*   动作的承受者与动作的发出者是同一个人 (The receiver of the action is the same as the doer of the action.)

6.2 用法 (Usage)

*   作宾语 (As an object of a verb or preposition.)
*   起强调作用 (For emphasis.)
*   例子： I hurt *myself*. He did it *himself*.

七、相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns)

7.1 类型 (Types)

*   **each other, one another**
*   表示相互关系 (Express mutual relationships.)

7.2 用法 (Usage)

*   *Each other* 通常用于两个人之间 (Usually used between two people.)
*   *One another* 通常用于三个人或更多人之间 (Usually used among three or more people.)
*   例子： They love *each other*. They help *one another*.

八、不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns)

8.1 常见不定代词 (Common Indefinite Pronouns)

*   **some, any, no, every + thing/body/one** (e.g., something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone)
*   **all, few, many, several, both, some, any, none, one, other, another**

8.2 用法 (Usage)

*   指代不确定的人或事物 (Refer to indefinite people or things.)
*   例子： *Someone* is knocking at the door. *Anything* is possible. *Many* people attended the meeting.

8.3 单复数 (Singular/Plural)

*   *Everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, each, either, neither* 通常视为单数 (Generally treated as singular.)
*   *Both, few, many, several* 通常视为复数 (Generally treated as plural.)
*   *All, some, any, none* 可以是单数或复数，取决于所指代的词 (Can be singular or plural, depending on the context.)

九、疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)

9.1 主要疑问代词 (Main Interrogative Pronouns)

*   **who, whom, which, what, whose**
*   用于提出问题 (Used to ask questions.)

9.2 用法 (Usage)

*   *Who* 询问人的身份 (Asks about a person's identity.)
*   *Whom* 询问人的身份，作宾语 (Asks about a person's identity as an object.)
*   *Which* 询问在几个选项中选择 (Asks about a choice between several options.)
*   *What* 询问事物或想法 (Asks about things or ideas.)
*   *Whose* 询问所有权 (Asks about possession.)

9.3 例子 (Examples)

*   *Who* is that girl?
*   *Whom* did you see?
*   *Which* is your car?
*   *What* are you doing?
*   *Whose* book is this?

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