《七年级下册英语思维导图》

单元一：My Neighbourhood

中心主题：Neighbourhood (社区/邻里)

1. 词汇 (Vocabulary)

• 地点 (Places):
  • school, hospital, bank, post office, park, supermarket, cinema, library, restaurant, bookstore, train station, bus stop, police station, fire station, sports centre, shopping mall
  • 区分：near, far, next to, opposite, between, in front of, behind, on the left, on the right, around the corner
    • 动作/活动 (Activities):
  • go shopping, watch a movie, read a book, play sports, have dinner, see a doctor, send a letter, borrow books, take a bus, take a train, visit friends
    • 方位词 (Directions):
  • turn left, turn right, go straight, cross the street
    • 重要形容词 (Important Adjectives):
  • quiet, noisy, convenient, safe, dangerous, clean, dirty, modern, traditional, interesting, boring

2. 语法 (Grammar)

• There be 句型 (There is/are):
  • 肯定句：There is a park near my house. There are many shops in the shopping mall.
  • 否定句：There isn't a hospital in my neighbourhood. There aren't any cinemas near here.
  • 疑问句：Is there a library in your town? Are there any good restaurants in this area?
  • 回答：Yes, there is/are. No, there isn't/aren't.
    • 介词 (Prepositions):
  • 地点介词: in, on, at, near, far, next to, opposite, between, in front of, behind, around
  • 方位介词: to the left of, to the right of
    • 询问方位 (Asking for Directions):
  • Excuse me, is there a...? How can I get to the...? Where is the...?

3. 功能 (Functions)

• 描述社区 (Describing a Neighbourhood):
  • 谈论社区的地点和设施。
  • 表达对社区的喜好或不满。
    • 询问和指路 (Asking for and Giving Directions):
  • 请求指路并理解指示。
  • 提供清晰、准确的指路信息。

4. 文化 (Culture)

• 不同类型的社区 (Different Types of Neighbourhoods):
  • 城市社区与乡村社区的差异。
  • 不同国家的社区文化差异。

单元二：Sports and Hobbies

中心主题：Sports and Hobbies (运动和爱好)

1. 词汇 (Vocabulary)

• 运动 (Sports):
  • basketball, football, swimming, tennis, volleyball, badminton, running, cycling, skating, skiing, gymnastics, baseball, table tennis
    • 爱好 (Hobbies):
  • reading, painting, drawing, singing, dancing, playing the guitar, playing the piano, collecting stamps, cooking, watching movies, playing video games, writing stories
    • 动词短语 (Verb Phrases):
  • play basketball, play football, go swimming, play tennis, go running, go cycling, collect stamps, watch movies, listen to music
    • 形容词 (Adjectives):
  • interesting, boring, exciting, relaxing, fun, difficult, easy, healthy, dangerous

2. 语法 (Grammar)

• 情态动词 can (Modal Verb can):
  • 表示能力：I can play basketball. She can swim very well.
  • 表示可能性：Can you come to my party? It can be very cold in winter.
  • 表示允许：Can I borrow your pen? You can go home now.
    • 情态动词 must (Modal Verb must):
  • 表示必须：You must wear a helmet when cycling. We must be quiet in the library.
  • 表示推测：She must be tired after running so much.
    • like/love/hate + doing sth.:
  • I like playing basketball. She loves dancing. He hates washing dishes.

3. 功能 (Functions)

• 谈论运动和爱好 (Talking about Sports and Hobbies):
  • 表达对运动和爱好的喜好和能力。
  • 询问和了解他人的运动和爱好。
    • 提出建议和提供忠告 (Giving Suggestions and Advice):
  • 鼓励他人尝试新的运动或爱好。
  • 提供安全和健康方面的建议。

4. 文化 (Culture)

• 不同国家的运动和爱好 (Sports and Hobbies in Different Countries):
  • 了解不同国家流行的运动和爱好。
  • 理解文化差异对运动和爱好的影响。
    • 奥运会 (The Olympic Games):
  • 了解奥运会的历史和意义。
  • 认识一些著名的奥运会运动员。

单元三：Going Out

中心主题：Going Out (外出/出游)

1. 词汇 (Vocabulary)

• 交通方式 (Transportation):
  • car, bus, train, plane, bicycle, subway, taxi, boat, motorbike
    • 旅行地点 (Travel Destinations):
  • beach, park, museum, zoo, mountains, city, countryside, amusement park, historic site
    • 旅行用品 (Travel Items):
  • map, camera, passport, suitcase, ticket, money, sunglasses, sunscreen, hat
    • 天气 (Weather):
  • sunny, rainy, cloudy, windy, snowy, hot, cold, warm

2. 语法 (Grammar)

• 将来时 be going to (Future Tense be going to):
  • 表达计划或打算：I am going to travel to China next year. We are going to have a picnic tomorrow.
  • 表达预测：It is going to rain.
    • 询问价格 How much...? (Asking about Price):
  • How much is this ticket? How much does this cost?
    • 不定代词 some, any (Indefinite Pronouns some, any):
  • 肯定句用some：I have some money.
  • 否定句和疑问句用any：I don't have any money. Do you have any money?

3. 功能 (Functions)

• 计划旅行 (Planning a Trip):
  • 讨论旅行目的地和交通方式。
  • 安排旅行时间和预算。
    • 购买东西 (Buying Things):
  • 询问价格并进行简单的购物。
  • 使用礼貌用语。
    • 讨论天气 (Discussing the Weather):
  • 描述天气情况。
  • 根据天气情况做出相应的安排。

4. 文化 (Culture)

• 不同国家的旅行习惯 (Travel Habits in Different Countries):
  • 了解不同国家的旅行方式和风俗。
  • 尊重当地的文化和习惯。
    • 安全旅行 (Safe Travel):
  • 注意旅行安全，保护个人财物。
  • 了解紧急情况下的处理方法。

单元四：Seasons

中心主题：Seasons (季节)

1. 词汇 (Vocabulary)

• 四个季节 (Four Seasons):
  • spring, summer, autumn, winter
    • 月份 (Months):
  • January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
    • 节日 (Festivals):
  • Spring Festival, Christmas, Mid-Autumn Festival, Halloween, Easter
    • 天气 (Weather):
  • 阳光明媚(sunny), 炎热(hot), 多雨(rainy), 刮风(windy), 寒冷(cold), 下雪(snowy), 凉爽(cool), 温暖(warm), 多云(cloudy)
    • 服装 (Clothing):
  • coat, sweater, T-shirt, shorts, scarf, gloves, hat, boots

2. 语法 (Grammar)

• 一般现在时 (Present Simple Tense):
  • 描述习惯动作：I go swimming in summer. He wears a coat in winter.
  • 描述客观事实：The sun rises in the east.
    • 形容词比较级 (Comparative Adjectives):
  • 规则变化：cold -> colder, hot -> hotter, warm -> warmer, big -> bigger
  • 不规则变化：good -> better, bad -> worse, far -> farther/further
  • 结构: A is + 形容词比较级 + than B. (e.g., Summer is hotter than spring.)

3. 功能 (Functions)

• 描述季节特点 (Describing Seasons):
  • 谈论不同季节的天气、活动和节日。
  • 表达对不同季节的喜好。
    • 比较不同事物 (Comparing Things):
  • 使用比较级比较不同季节、天气或活动。
  • 表达个人观点。

4. 文化 (Culture)

• 不同季节的节日 (Festivals in Different Seasons):
  • 了解不同季节的传统节日及其庆祝方式。
  • 比较不同文化的节日习俗。
    • 与季节相关的谚语和俗语 (Sayings and Proverbs about Seasons):
  • 学习与季节相关的英语谚语和俗语。
  • 理解这些谚语和俗语的含义。

这份思维导图涵盖了七年级下册英语的主要词汇、语法、功能和文化知识点，旨在帮助学生系统地复习和掌握相关内容。学生可以根据这份思维导图，结合课本和练习，进行有针对性的学习。